تأثیر پیش‌تیمار بذر و محلول‌پاشی تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد و نیترات پتاسیم بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گاوزبان اروپایی (Borago officinalis L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 5، دوره 21، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 72، دی 1402، صفحه 459-484   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2023.82741.1251

نویسندگان

ماهرخ بلندی¹؛ پریسا شیخ زاده^{* 2}؛ سعید خماری²؛ ناصر زارع²؛ جابر شریفی³

¹دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

²گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

³مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر پیش‌تیمار بذر و محلول‌پاشی با تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشدی و نیترات پتاسیم بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گاوزبان اروپایی، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1396 در مزرعه تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، گیاهان دارویی سامیان اردبیل اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل پیش‌تیمار بذر توأم با محلول‌پاشی بوته مادری با استفاده از اسید آسکوربیک (0.85 میلی‌مولار)، اسید سالیسیلیک (4 میلی‌مولار)، نیترات پتاسیم (20 میلی‌مولار) و پیش‌تیمار بذر با استفاده از اسید آسکوربیک (0.85 میلی‌مولار) به‌مدت 48 ساعت، اسید سالیسیلیک (4 میلی‌مولار) به‌مدت 60 ساعت، نیترات پتاسیم (20 میلی‌مولار) به‌مدت 24 ساعت، آب مقطر به‌مدت 48 ساعت و شاهد (بدون پیش‌تیمار بذر و بدون محلول‌پاشی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد، اگرچه پیش‌تیمار بذور با بهبود خصوصیات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی موجب افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گاوزبان اروپایی شد اما پیش‌تیمار بذر توأم با محلول‌پاشی به‌دلیل اثرات هم‌افزایی تأثیر بیشتری در افزایش اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد گل و دانه داشت. کاربرد نیترات پتاسیم به‌صورت پیش‌تیمار بذر توأم با محلول‌پاشی بیشترین تأثیر را در افزایش میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی داشت و موجب افزایش 2.3 برابری میزان کلروفیل کل و 1.8 برابری کاروتنوئید نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. استفاده از اسید آسکوربیک به‌صورت پیش‌تیمار بذر توأم با محلول‌پاشی موجب افزایش 2.3 برابری مقدار پرولین، 2.5 برابری پروتئین برگ و 3.8 برابری عملکرد گل در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد. پیش‌تیمار آبی بذور، بیشترین وزن هزاردانه را در بین تیمارها نشان داد و موجب افزایش 28 درصدی وزن هزاردانه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد. کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک به‌صورت پیش‌تیمار بذر توأم با محلول‌پاشی با افزایش تعداد میوه در بوته و تعداد دانه در واحد سطح، بیشترین تأثیر را در افزایش عملکرد دانه داشت و در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد، باعث افزایش 3.4 برابری عملکرد دانه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسید آسکوربیک؛ اسید سالیسیلیک؛ پروتئین؛ پرولین؛ رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی

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