کاهش اثرات تنش آبی در تریتیکاله با استفاده از سامانه‌های کود زیستی-آلی و کشت مخلوط در یک منطقه خشک از جنوب ایران

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 3، دوره 21، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 72، دی 1402، صفحه 419-433   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2023.82040.1239

نویسندگان

آیدا رشیدی پور¹؛ وحید براتی^{* 2}

¹دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بخش اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

²بخش اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد تریتیکاله (× Triticosecale Wittmack) در کشت خالص و کشت مخلوط با نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت شرایط تنش آبی، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب- دانشگاه شیراز در سال زراعی 1399ـ1398 اجرا شد. تیمارها در دو سطح آبیاری [1- مطلوب: آبیاری بر اساس نیاز آبی گیاه تا مرحله‌ی رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و 2- تنش آبی: آبیاری بر اساس نیاز آبی گیاه تا مرحله‌ی شیری] به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و سه منبع کودی [1- شیمیایی: (50 کیلوگرم فسفر بر هکتار + 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن بر هکتار)، 2- زیستی-آلی: (کود گوسفندی 40 تن بر هکتار + تلقیح با باکتری‌های سودوموناس فلورسنس (Pseudomonas florescence) و آزوسپیریلوم براسیلنس (Azospirillum brasilense))، 3ـ تلفیقی: (25 کیلوگرم فسفر بر هکتار + 75 کیلوگرم نیتروژن بر هکتار +20 تن کود گوسفندی بر هکتار + تلقیح با باکتری‌های سودوموناس فلورسنس و آزوسپیریلوم براسیلنس)] و دو نوع کشت [1- کشت خالص تریتیکاله، 2- کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله/ نخود (1:1)] به‌عنوان عوامل فرعی بودند که به‌صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از این پژوهش نشان داد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد به‌واسطه تنش آبی کاهش یافت. اما، این کاهش‌ها در شرایط کشت مخلوط نسبت به خالص کمتر بود. تنش آبی، عملکرد دانه را در همه سامانه‌های کودی کاهش داد؛ اما، این کاهش در تیمارهای مختلف متفاوت بود. بیشترین کاهش عملکرد در تیمار کود شیمیایی (60.4 درصد) و کمترین کاهش (30.7 درصد) در شرایط استفاده از کود زیستی-آلی مشاهده نسبت به آبیاری مطلوب شد. با توجه به کمترین کاهش عملکرد در تیمار کود زیستی-آلی و کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله و نخود در پاسخ به تنش آبی، استفاده از این تیمارها در شرایطی که احتمال وقوع تنش آبی پس از گلدهی بالا باشد، پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آزوسپیریلوم؛ سودوموناس؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کود تلفیقی

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