1. Katayane FA, Bagau B, Wolayan FR, Imbar MR. Produksi dan Kandungan Protein Maggot (Hermetia illucens) den- gan menggunakan Media Tumbuh Berbeda [Production and Protein Content of Maggot (Hermetia illucens) using Different Growing Media]. Zootec. 2014 Jun 4;34:27. Doi:10.35792/zot.34.0.2014.4791
2. Sinurat A, Santoso JE, Sumanto MT, Wibowo B. Peningkatan Produktivitas Ayam Buras melalui Pendekatan Sistem Usaha Tani pada Peternak Kecil [Increasing Domestic Chicken Productivity through Farming System Approach for Small Farmers]. Ilmu dan Peternakan. 1992;5:73–7.
3. Sumanto EJ, Iskandar S, Wibowo B, Santoso R, Rusmana N. Pengaruh Perbaikan Tatalaksana terhadap Penampilan Usaha Ternak Ayam Buras di Desa Pangradin: Suatu Analisa Ekonomi [The Effect of Management Improvements on the Performance of Freerange Chicken Farming in Pangradin Village: An Economic Analysis]. Ilmu dan Peternakan. 1990;4:322–8.
4. Sidadolog JHP, Yuwanta T. Effect of Protein-Energy Concentration in Feed on Body Weight Gain, Energy and Protein Efficiency in the Growth Period of Merawang Chicken. Animal Production. 2009;11(1):15–22.
5. Mahardika IG, Kristina Dewi GAM, Sumadi IK, Suasta IM. Kebutuhan Energi dan Protein untuk Hidup Pokok dan Pertumbuhan pada Ayam Kampung Umur 10-20 Minggu [Energy and Protein Needs for Basic Life and Growth in Kampung Chickens Age 10-20 Weeks]. Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan. 2013;16:6–11.
6. van Huis A. Potential of Insects as Food and Feed in Assur- ing Food Security. Annual Review of Entomology. 2013 Jan 7;58(1):563–83. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153704
7. Li Q, Zheng L, Qiu N, Cai H, Tomberlin JK, Yu Z. Bioconversion of Dairy Manure by Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) for Biodiesel and Sugar Production. Waste Management. 2011 Jun;31(6):1316–20. Doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.01.005
8. Veldkamp T, Van Duinkerken G, van Huis A, Lakemond CMM, Ottevanger E, Bosch G, Van Boekel T. Insects as a Sustainable Feed Ingredient in Pig and Poultry Diets: A Feasibility Study. Netherlands: Wageningen UR Livestock Research. 2012; 1–10.
9. Bosch G, Zhang S, Oonincx DGAB, Hendriks WH. Protein Quality of Insects as Potential Ingredients for Dog and Cat Foods. Journal of Nutritional Science. 2014;3:1–4. Doi:10.1017/jns.2014.23
10. Dahiru SJ, Azhar BK, Anjas BS. Performance of Spring Chicken Fed Different Inclusion Levels of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal. Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology: Current Research. 2016 Jan 1;5:1–4.
11. Rambet V, Umboh JF, Tulung YLR, Kowel YHS. Kecernaan Protein dan Energi Ransum Broiler Yang Menggunakan Tepung Maggot (Hermetia illucens) sebagai Pengganti Tepung Ikan [Kecernaan Protein dan Energi Ransum Broiler Yang Menggunakan Tepung Maggot (Hermetia illucens) sebagai Pengganti Tepung Ikan]. Zootec. 2016;35(2):13–22. Doi:10.35792/zot.36.1.2016.9314
12. Schiavone A, Cullere M, De Marco M, Meneguz M, Biasato I, Bergagna S, Dezzutto D, Gai F, Dabbou S, Gasco L, Dalle Zotte A. Partial or Total Replacement of Soybean Oil by Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) Fat in Broiler Diets: Effect on Growth Performances, Feed-Choice, Blood Traits, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2016;16(1):93–100. Doi:10.1080/1828051X.2016.1249968
13. Li S, Ji H, Zhang B, Tian J, Zhou J, Yu H. Influence of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Oil on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Tissue Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Deposition in Juvenile Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Aquaculture. 2016 Dec;465:43–52. Doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.08.020
14. Cullere M, Tasoniero G, Giaccone V, Miotti-Scapin R, Claeys E, De Smet S, Dalle Zotte A. Black Soldier Fly as Dietary Pro- tein Source for Broiler Quails: Apparent Digestibility, Excreta Microbial Load, Feed Choice, Performance, Carcass and Meat Traits. Animal. 2016;10(12):1923–30. Doi:10.1017/S1751731116001270
15. Harlystiarini H. Tepung Larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) sebagai Sumber Protein Alternatif Pengganti Tepung Ikan pada Puyuh Petelur Yang Mati (Cortunix cortunix japonica) [Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larva Flour as an Alternative Protein Source to Replace Fish Meal on Dead Laying Quail (Cortunix cortunix japonica)] [Master thesis]. [Bogor]: Bogor Institute of Agriculture; 2017.
16. Newton L, Sheppard C, Watson DW, Burtle G, Dove CR. Using the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens, as a Value-Added Tool for the Management of Swine Manure: Report of the Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University.2005.
17. Fitri S. Konsumsi Ayam Kampung Lokal Digenjot [Consumption of Local Village Chicken is Boosted] [Internet]. Republika Online. 2016 [cited 2020 Oct 12].
18. Charlton A j., Dickinson M, Wakefield M e., Fitches E, Kenis M, Han R, Zhu F, Kone N, Grant M, Devic E, Bruggeman G, Prior R, Smith R. Exploring the Chemical Safety of Fly Larvae as a Source of Protein for Animal Feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 2015;1(1):7–16. Doi:10.3920/JIFF2014.0020
19. Abun A, Darana S, Tanwiriah W, Indrijani H, Asmara IY, Taslim T. Influence of Different Energy-Proteins on Performance and Blood Hematological on Three Types of Local Chicken. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology. 2018;3(5):1816–24. Doi:10.22161/ijeab/3.5.33
20. Widodo E. Teori dan Aplikasi Pembuatan Pakan Ternak Ayam dan Itik [Theory and Application of Making Chicken and Duck Feed]. Jurnal Peternakan. 2010;1:1–14.
21. Iskandar S, Z D, Sastrodihardi S, Sartika T, Setiadi P, Susanti T. Growth Response of Kampung and Pelung Cross Chickens to Diet Differed in Protein Content. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner. 1998;3(1):8–14.
22. PanReacAplliChem. Nitrogen determination by Kjeldahl method. Barcelona: ITW Reagents; 2018.
23. Linde KO. Measuring calories in food: The bomb calorimeter. New Hampshire, USA: Fisher Scientific. 2007.
24. Efendi H. Study water quality for management and resources the aquatic environment. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. 2003.
25. Takeuchi T. Laboratory work-chemical evaluation of dietary nutrients. In: Watanabe, editor. Fish nutrition and mariculture. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press. 1998.
26. Lestari, R, Darmawan, A, Wijayanti, I. Suplementasi Mineral Cu dan Zn dalam Pakan terhadap Organ Dalam [Supplementation of Cu and Zn Minerals in Feed for Internal Organs]. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan (Nutrition and Feed Technology Journal). 2020;18(3):74–80. Doi:10.29244/jintp.18.3.74-80
27. Irwani N, Candra A A. Aplikasi Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifilia) terhadap Kondisi Fisiologis Saluran Pencernaan dan Organ Viceral pada Broiler [Application of Binahong Leaf Extract (Anredera cordifilia) on Physiological Conditions of the Digestive Tract and Viceral Organs in Broilers]. PETERPAN (Jurnal Peternakan Terapan). 2020;2(1):22– 29. Doi:10.25181/peterpan.v2i1.1716
28. Fouad A M. El-Senousey H K. Nutritional factors affecting abdominal fat deposition in poultry: A review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2014;27(7):1057–1068. Doi:10.5713/ajas.2013.13702
29. Chen CY, Huang YF, Ko YJ, Liu YJ, Chen YH, Walzem RL, Chen SE. Obesity-associated cardiac pathogenesis in broiler breeder hens: development of metabolic cardiomyopathy. Poultry Science. 2017;96:2438-2446. Doi:10.3382/ps/pex016
30. Chen CY, Lin HY, Chen YW, Ko YJ, Liu YJ, Chen YH, Wal- zem RL, Chen SE. Obesity-associated cardiac pathogenesis in broiler breeder hens: pathological adaption of cardiac hypertrophy. Poultry Science. 2017b;96:2428-2437. Doi:10.3382/ps/pex015
