الگوی پراکنش فضایی مراحل مختلف زیستی سنک عناب Monosteira alticarinata (Hemiptera: Tingidae) در شهرستان بیرجند

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 37، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 61، مهر 1402، صفحه 275-288   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.2023.83016.1149

نویسندگان

سیده آسیه نطقی مقدم¹؛ حسین صادقی نامقی^{* 2}؛ سعید مودی³

¹گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

چکیده

عناب، Ziziphus jujuba Mill. گیاه دارویی شناخته شده با ارزش غذایی و خواص دارویی مختلف است که بیش ترین سطح زیر کشت آن در ایران به استان خراسان جنوبی اختصاص دارد. سنک عنابMonosteira alticarinata Ghauri (Hemiptera: Tingidae) پس از مگس عناب Carpomyia vesuviana Costa (Diptera: Tephritidae) از مهم ترین آفات درختان عناب در استان خراسان جنوبی است. حشرات کامل و پوره ها از شیره ی گیاهی در سطح زیری برگ های میزبان تغذیه می کنند و باعث ایجاد نقاط رنگ پریده در سطح رویی برگ ها می شوند. درختان آلوده دچار خزان زودرس شده و کمیت و کیفیت محصول آن ها به شدت کاهش می یابد. به منظور بررسی الگوی پراکنش فضایی مراحل مختلف زندگی این آفت، نمونه برداری های هفتگی و منظم از درختان عناب در سال 1399 انجام شد. برگ عناب به عنوان واحد نمونه برداری انتخاب و اندازه ی مناسب نمونه با حداکثر خطای 20 %، معادل 50 واحد نمونه برداری تعیین و تراکم جمعیت تخم، پوره و حشره ی کامل در سه ارتفاع مختلف درختان عناب (5/1، 2 و 3 متر) شمارش شد. الگوی پراکنش فضایی مراحل مختلف زندگی سنک با استفاده از روش های نسبت واریانس به میانگین، شاخص میانگین ازدحام لوید، روش های رگرسیونی تیلور و آیوائو تعیین شد. پراکنش فضایی مراحل مختلف زندگی سنک عناب در سه ارتفاع درختان عناب مورد بررسی با استفاده از روش های یاد شده، از نوع تجمعی به دست آمد. آگاهی از نحوه ی پراکنش M. alticarinata موجب درک بهتر رابطه ی حشره و زیستگاه آن شده و می تواند اطلاعاتی برای تفسیر جابجایی های مکانی، مدل های رشد جمعیت و مهم تر از همه مدیریت و کنترل آفت فراهم آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آفات عناب؛ توزیع مکانی؛ سنک عناب؛ شاخص های پراکنش جمعیت

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