An Introduction to the Philosophical Foundations Influencing the Shift of Jurisprudence of Zakāt from an Individual to a Governmental Approach

فقه و اصول (Fiqh va uṣūl)

Article 8, Volume 56, Issue 4 - Serial Number 139, February 2025, Pages 197-226   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/jfiqh.2023.83103.1600

Authors

MohammadReza Kaykha^{* 1}; Alireza Abin²

¹Associate professor, department of Jurisprudence and Foundations of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology, Law, and Islamic Studies, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

²Assistant professor, department of Jurisprudence and Foundations of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology, Law, and Islamic Studies, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

Abstract

Zakāt holds a special status among the various acts of worship due to its combination of the divine right (ḥaqq Allāh) and the human right (ḥaqq al-nās), as well as the blending of both individual and public aspects, which have granted it a distinguished status. Historically, the approach to the jurisprudence of Zakāt has been mainly individualistic. However, after the Islamic Revolution, the ineffectiveness of this approach became apparent and scholars made some efforts to present the jurisprudence of Zakāt as a governmental matter. However, there has been little research on the philosophical and systematic shift from an individualistic to a governmental approach in the jurisprudence of Zakāt. The present study, conducted through a descriptive-analytical approach, demonstrates that Zakāt is an essentially governmental institution, but its contextual conditions had transformed it into a private one. Therefore, drawing on the philosophical foundations of the jurisprudence of Zakāt, the governmental approach can be reasserted. Then, the idea of centralized collection and balanced distribution of Zakāt and its practical implementation can be proposed to integrate the philosophical approach.

Keywords

Zakāt; individualistic jurisprudence; governmental jurisprudence; methodology; centralized collection of Zakāt; balanceed distribution of Zakāt; philosophy of jurisprudence

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