The Gradational Relationship between Awakening, Sleep and Death in Ṣadrian Philosophy

جستارهایی در فلسفه و کلام

Volume 56, Issue 1 - Serial Number 112, August 2024, Pages 125-146   

Document Type: Scientific & Research

DOI: 10.22067/epk.2023.83053.1255

Authors

Abdullah HosseiniEskandian¹; Ali Babaei^{* 2}; Mehdi Saadatmand³

¹P.h.D Candidate of Islamic Theology, Tabriz University

²Assistance Professor of Tabriz University, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology

³Assistance Professor of Yaza University, Department of Islamic Sciences

Abstract

Gradation of existence is one of the most important philosophical principles in the transcendent philosophy of Mullā Ṣadrā, based on which we can answer this question, "what is the relationship between the three phenomena of awaking, sleep and death". This article shows that this relationship is longitudinal and gradational. Therefore, the difference between these states comes back to their commonality, which is: intensity and weakness in the concentration of the human faculties on the outer or inner aspects of the soul and the worlds corresponding to them. Awakening is the result of maximum attention of the soul's forces to the material world and external senses. When this attention weakens and the soul pays attention to the imaginal world, sleep occurs. Finally, with the complete disconnection of the soul from the material world, death –in its common use- occurs. In another sense, however, due to the substantial movement of the soul, death is a constant state that dominates other states. In a deeper view and based on the personal unity of the soul, awakening, sleep, and death are manifestations of the soul, and while maintaining a gradational relationship, they are unified with the soul and with each other.

Keywords

soul; awakening; sleep; death; gradation; unity

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