The Effect of Process Parameters on the Phase and Microstructure of Cu-Mn-O Mixed Metal Oxide Synthesized via Solution Combustion Synthesis

مهندسی متالورژی و مواد

Article 9, Volume 34, Issue 4 - Serial Number 32, December 2023, Pages 31-44   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/jmme.2023.83521.1117

Authors

laya agah¹; sahar mollazadeh^{* 2}; Ghasem Barati Darband²; jalil vahdati²

¹Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, ferdowsi University of mashhad, mashhad, khorasa razavi, iran

²Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Cu-Mn mixed metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using the solution combustion method with using glycine as the fuel. Various ratios of fuel to oxidizer and different molar percentages of Cu and Mn cations were considered as variables in this system for investigation. Then, the effect of the aforementioned changes on the crystallization of the phases of the final product and the change in the crystallite size of the particles were evaluated. In the next step, the physical and chemical characteristics of the final products were carefully evaluated using using both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results obtained from XRD and FE-SEM analyses, the simultaneous effect of changes in the ratio of fuel to oxidizer and the molar percentage of metal cations on the composition of phases, the morphology of the constituent particles, and the crystallite size of the particles were investigated. Also, the use of glycine fuel led to the synthesis of solid solutions of CuMn2O4 and CuMnO2 without needing furnaces or expensive equipment. By increasing the molar percentage of Mn in the fuel-to-oxidizer ratio (1), the porosity and pore size increased. Furthermore, calculations confirmed the smallest crystallite size at this fuel-to-oxidizer ratio.

Keywords

Solution combustion synthesis; Mixed metal oxide; Cu-Mn-O system; Effect ratios of fuel to oxidizer

References

 

[1]    N. J. Szymanski, Y. Zeng, H. Huo, C. J. Bartel, H. Kim, G. Ceder, "Toward autonomous design and synthesis of novel inorganic materials", Mater Horiz, Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 2169-2198, 2021.

 [2] S. M. Moosavi, K. M. Jablonka, B. Smit, "The Role of Machine Learning in the Understanding and Design of Materials", J Am Chem Soc, Vol. 142, No. 48, pp. 20273-87, 2020.

[3]   F. Deganello, A. K. Tyagi, "Solution combustion synthesis, energy and environment: Best parameters for better materials", Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 23-61, 2018.

[4]    E. Carlos, R. Martins, E. Fortunato, R. Branquinho, "Solution Combustion Synthesis: Towards a Sustainable Approach for Metal Oxides", Chemistry, Vol.26, No. 42, pp. 9099-9125, 2020.

[5]   M. S. S. Kumar, H. V. Harini, G. Nagaraju, B. Nirmala, "Combustion synthesis CuO nanoparticles: Application to photocatalytic activity", Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 49, pp. 860-864, 2022.

[6]   M. M. Moqaddam, M. Mirjalili, J. V. Khaki, S. M. Beidokhti, "A new approach in the one-step synthesis of α-MnO2 via a modified solution combustion procedure", Vol. 4, pp. 3909-3819, 2022.

[7]    J. O. Ighalo, P. A. Sagboye, G. Umenweke, O. J. Ajala, F. O. Omoarukhe, C. A. Adeyanju, S. Ogunniyi, A. G. Adeniyi, "CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) for water treatment: A review of recent advances", Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, Vol. 15, pp. 100443, 2021.

[8]   S. Behar, P. Gonzalez, P. Agulhon, F. Quignard, D. Świerczyński, "New synthesis of nanosized Cu–Mn spinels as efficient oxidation catalysts", Catalysis Today, Vol. 189, No. 1, pp. 35-41, 2012.

[9]   A. Sobhani, "Hydrothermal synthesis of CuMn₂O₄/CuO nanocomposite without capping agent and study its photocatalytic activity for elimination of dye pollution", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 47, No. 46, pp. 20138-20152, 2022.

[10] Y. Pan, M. Xu, L. Yang, M. Yu, H. Liu, F. Zeng, "Porous architectures assembled with ultrathin Cu₂O–Mn₃O₄ hetero-nanosheets vertically anchoring on graphene for high-rate lithium-ion batteries", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 819, pp. 152969, 2020.

[11] W. Lu, Y. Li, M. Yang, X. Jiang, Y. Zhang, Y. Xing, "Construction of Hierarchical Mn₂O₃@MnO₂ Core–Shell Nanofibers for Enhanced Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes", ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 8190-8197, 2020.

[12] M. H. Kim, K. H. Cho, C. H. Shin, S. E. Kang, S. W. Ham, "Total oxidation of propane over Cu-Mn mixed oxide catalysts prepared by co-precipitation method", Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 1139-1143, 2011.

[13] A. Seubsai, M. Kahn, B. Zohour, D. Noon, M. Charoenpanich, S. Senkan, "Copper–Manganese Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Direct Epoxidation of Propylene by Molecular Oxygen", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 2638-2645, 2015.

[14] B. Saravanakumar, S. Muthu Lakshmi, G. Ravi, V. Ganesh, A. Sakunthala, R. Yuvakkumar, "Electrochemical properties of rice-like copper manganese oxide (CuMn₂O₄) nanoparticles for pseudocapacitor applications", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 723, pp. 115-122, 2017.

[15] F. Kermani, S. M. Beidokhti, J. V. Khakhi, "A simple thermodynamics model for estimation and comparison the concentration of oxygen vacancies generated in oxide powders synthesized via the solution combustion method", Ceramics International, Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 13496-13501, 2019.

[16] I. V. Morozov, K. O. Znamenkov, Yu. M. Korenev, O. A. Shlyakhtin, "Thermal decomposition of Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O at reduced pressures," Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 403, pp. 173–179, 2003

[17] F. Siddique, S. Gonzalez-Cortes, A. Mirzaei, T. Xiao, M. A. Rafiq, X. Zhang, "Solution combustion synthesis: the relevant metrics for producing advanced and nanostructured photocatalysts", Nanoscale, Vol. 14, No. 33, pp. 11806-11868, 2022.

[18] A.Vojdani Saghir, S. M. Beidokhti, J. Vahdati Khaki, A. Salimi, "One-step synthesis of single-phase (Co, Mg, Ni, Cu, Zn) O High entropy oxide nanoparticles through SCS procedure: Thermodynamics and experimental evaluation", Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 9,  pp. 2219, 2020.

[19] A. Kumar, E. E. Wolf, A. S. Mukasyan, "Solution Combustion Synthesis of Metal Nanopowders: Nickel—Reaction Pathways", Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vol. 57, PP. 3473–3479, 2011.

[20] Z. Mollaei, F. Kermani, F. Moosavi, S. Kargozar, J. V. Khakhi, S. M. Beidokhti , "In silico study and experimental evaluation of the solution combustion synthesized manganese oxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles", Ceramics International, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 1659-1672, 2022.