تأثیر پوشش‌های درختچه‌ای بر برخی ویژگی‌های خاک در یک اقلیم نیمه‌خشک

آب و خاک

مقاله 4، دوره 38، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 94، خرداد و تیر 1403، صفحه 223-237   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2024.85947.1364

نویسندگان

زینب سهراب زاده؛ یحیی کوچ^*

گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

چکیده

درختچه­ها از مهم‌ترین اجزای اکوسیستم­های مرتعی به شمار می­آیند. با این حال مطالعات اندکی در خصوص تأثیر نوع پوشش­های درختچه­ای بر ویژگی­های خاک اکوسیستم­های مرتعی انجام شده است. در پژوهش حاضر، اثر پوشش درختچه­ای لور (Carpinus orientalis Miller.)، سرخه­ولیک (Crataegus microphylla C. Koch.)، زرشک (Berberis integerrima Bunge.)، آلوچه وحشی (Prunus spinosa L.) و سیاه تنگرس (Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. and C. A. Mey) بر برخی ویژگی­های خاک در بخش کوهستانی کیاکلا شهرستان نوشهر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. به­منظور انجام این پژوهش، تعداد 15 پایه از هر یک از گونه­های درختچه­ای اشاره شده انتخاب شد. در زیر تاج پوشش این گونه­ها، نمونه­های خاک از عمق صفر تا 10 سانتی­متری و در یک سطح 30 × 30 سانتی­متر برداشت و به آزمایشگاه انتقال داده شد. مطابق با یافته­های این پژوهش، بیشترین مقادیر ویژگی­های تخلخل، پایداری خاکدانه، محتوی رس، اسیدهای فولویک و هیومیک و سهم میکروبی در خاک زیر پوشش درختچه­ای لور مشاهده شد. در حالی‌که کم‌ترین مقادیر جرم مخصوص ظاهری، محتوی شن، شاخص­های نسبت رس و نسبت رس اصلاح شده، نسبت شن به سیلت و نسبت سیلت به رس به خاک تحت تاج­پوشش این گونه درختچه­ای اختصاص داشت. ویژگی­های ماده آلی، جرم مخصوص حقیقی و محتوی سیلت خاک تفاوت آماری معنی­داری در بین پوشش­های درختچه­ای مورد مطالعه نشان ندادند. نتایج این پژوهش مؤید آن است که وجود پوشش درختچه­ای لور می­تواند منجر به بهبود وضعیت ویژگی­های کیفیت خاک در مراتع کوهستانی شمال کشور گردد. در همین راستا پیشنهاد می­شود برای احیاء اراضی تخریب­یافته مرتعی در منطقه مورد مطالعه و همچنین مناطقی با شرایط اکولوژیکی مشابه، در کنار سایر گونه­های درختچه­ای بومی منطقه، توجه ویژه به استفاده از گونه لور برای حفاظت خاک گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسیدهای آلی؛ سهم میکروبی؛ لور؛ ماده آلی؛ مرتع مشجر

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