سینتیک و همدمای جذب کادمیم در یک خاک شالیزاری تیمار‌شده با بیوچار پوسته برنج اصلاح‌شده با کلرید منیزیم

آب و خاک

مقاله 9، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 93، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1403، صفحه 143-160   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2024.86341.1368

نویسندگان

بهرام ابوالفضلی بهروز¹؛ شاهین اوستان^{* 2}؛ حسین میرسید حسینی³؛ حسن اعتصامی⁴

¹گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

²گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

³گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج ایران

⁴گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

آلودگی خاک‌های شالیزاری به کادمیم (Cd) در کشورهای تولید‌کننده برنج یک معضل جدی به‌شمار می‌رود. به‌علاوه، بیوچار یک اصلاح‌کننده مهم در خاک‌های شالیزاری آلوده به کادمیم می‌باشد. با‌ این‌حال، ضروری است ظرفیت بیوچار برای جذب این فلز سنگین افزایش یابد. بیوچار اصلاح‌شده با کلرید منیزیم (MgCl₂) به‌طور گسترده‌ای در حذف فلزهای سنگین از محلول‌های آبی استفاده شده است. با این‌حال، اطلاعات کمی درباره کارایی آن در خاک وجود دارد. در مطالعه حاضر تأثیر سطوح مختلف (0، 3 و 5 درصد وزنی) بیوچار پوسته برنج اصلاح‌شده و اصلاح‌نشده با MgCl₂ (تهیه شده در دمای 600 درجه سلسیوس) بر سینتیک و همدمای جذب کادمیم در یک خاک شالیزاری با بافت رس شنی بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که اصلاح بیوچار با MgCl₂ باعث افزایش نسبت O/C از 27/0 به 48/0 و افزایش مساحت سطح از 6/195 به m²/g 2/231 شد. خاک‌های تیمار‌شده با بیوچارها به‌مدت 45 روز در دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس انکوباتور نگهداری شدند. سپس، آزمایش سینتیک جذب در غلظت 375 میلی‌گرم کادمیم بر لیتر در زمان‌های 25/0، 5/0، 1، 2، 4، 8، 16، 24 و 48 ساعت و آزمایش‌ همدمای جذب در غلظت‌های 50، 100، 150، 200، 300، 350، 400، 600 و 800 میلی‌گرم کادمیم بر لیتر انجام گرفت. داده‌های سینتیکی جذب کادمیم توسط مدل الوویچ با خطای معیار تخمین (SEE) کوچک‌تر توصیف شدند. همچنین، داده‌های همدماهای جذب کادمیم توسط مدل فروندلیچ با SEE کوچک‌تر توصیف شدند. کاربرد 3 و 5 درصد بیوچار اصلاح‌شده، پارامتر K_F مدل فروندلیچ برای جذب کادمیم را به‌ترتیب 4/2 و 8/2 برابر نسبت به خاک تیمار نشده با بیوچار افزایش داد، در حالی‌‌که کاربرد بیوچار اصلاح‌نشده تأثیری قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای بر این پارامتر نداشت. بنابراین، می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که بیوچار پوسته برنج اصلاح‌شده با MgCl₂  قادر به کاهش تحرک و فراهمی کادمیم حتی در یک خاک‌ شالیزاری رس شنی با ظرفیت بالا برای جذب کادمیم بود، هرچند که نتیجه‌گیری قطعی در این مورد منوط به انجام مطالعات واجذب کادمیم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خاک رسی؛ فراهمی کادمیم؛ مدل الوویچ؛ مدل فروندلیچ

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