زمین‌ شیمی زیست‌ محیطی عناصر بالقوه سمّی در باطله‌ های فراوری معدن سرب و روی آهنگران، استان همدان

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 40، 1403، صفحه 25-49   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/econg.2024.85154.1094

نویسندگان

ماهرخ قنبری مهذب¹؛ گیتی فرقانی تهرانی^{* 2}؛ افشین قشلاقی³

¹دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زمین‌ شناسی زیست‌ محیطی و آب‌ شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

²دانشیار، گروه زمین‌ شناسی زیست محیطی و آب شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

³استادیار، گروه زمین‌ شناسی زیست محیطی و آب شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی زمین‌شیمی زیست­ محیطی عناصر بالقوّه سمّی در باطله ­های فراوری معدن سرب و روی آهنگران، واقع در 95 کیلومتری جنوب‌شرق همدان است. به این منظور، مؤلفه‌های فیزیکی- شیمیایی، فازهای کانیایی و غلظت عناصر بالقوه سمّی در 14 نمونه بررسی شد. pH نمونه ­های باطله در محدوده بین 7‏‏/7 تا 4‏‏/9، کربنات بین 5/50 تا 5/64 درصد و ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی بین 3‏‏/27 تا 1‏‏/35 میلی ­اکی ­والان بر 100 گرم متغیر است. کانی رسی غالب در نمونه­ های باطله مونتموریلونیت، و کانی ­های کوارتز و سیدریت فراوان ­ترین فازهای کانیایی هستند. بر اساس داده ­های غلظت کل عناصر بالقوه سمّی و محاسبه­ ضرایب زیست ­محیطی، نمونه ­های باطله نسبت به عناصر سرب، آنتیموان، روی، کادمیم، آرسنیک، منگنز و نقره غنی ­شدگی نشان می­ دهند و دارای خطر بوم‌شناختی بسیار زیادی هستند. ارزیابی خطر سلامت برای جمعیت­ های انسانی پیرامون معدن نشان می ­دهد که مقدار ضریب خطر عناصر مختلف در کودکان بیشتر از بزرگسالان است. بیشترین خطر غیرسرطان‌زایی برای مسیر بلع، استنشاق، و تماس پوستی به ترتیب مربوط به عناصر آرسنیک، منگنز و کادمیم است. بلع عناصر آرسنیک، کادمیم و کروم برای کودکان و بلع کادمیم برای بزرگسالان با خطر سرطان‌زایی همراه است. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، باطله ­های فراوری معدن آهنگران پتانسیل آلوده‌کردن منابع آب زیرزمینی و خاک کشاورزی پیرامون معدن را داشته و بنابراین اعمال تمهیدات زیست­ محیطی مناسب برای دفع مناسب باطله ­ها یا پاک‌سازی آنها ضروری است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

آلودگی؛ باطله؛ معدن آهنگران؛ زون سنندج- سیرجان

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