تاثیر برخی تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش (متانول، نانوسیلیکون و هیومیک اسید) بر عملکرد، فعالیت برخی آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و صفات بیوشیمیایی گندم در رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 22، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 75، مهر 1403، صفحه 327-342   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2024.86431.1299

نویسندگان

رئوف سیدشریفی^{* 1}؛ معرفت قاسمی کلخوران²؛ حامد نریمانی¹

¹گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

²بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

تنش خشکی یکی از رایج‌ترین عوامل محدودکننده تولید محصولات زراعی است. از این‌رو، توسعه روش‌ها و راهکارها برای کاهش اثر تنش خشکی بر بازده گیاهان زراعی ضروری است. برای کاهش اثرات منفی تنش خشکی می‌توان از متانول، نانوسیلیکون و اسید هیومیک استفاده کرد. تنش خشکی غشاهای سلولی، سیستم فتوسنتزی، جذب آب و عناصر و فعالیت‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی را مختل می‌کند که همگی بر رشد گیاه، عملکردهای فیزیولوژیکی و فرآیندهای متابولیک تأثیر منفی دارند. در این راستا، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل در سال زراعی 1402-1401 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری (آبیاری کامل به‌عنوان شاهد، قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد مراحل تورم غلاف برگ پرچم و ظهور سنبله به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان محدودیت شدید و ملایم آبی) و محلول‌پاشی تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش (محلول‌پاشی با آب به‌عنوان شاهد، محلول‌پاشی متانول (25 درصد حجمی)، نانوسیلیکون (50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر)، هیومیک اسید (300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر)، محلول‌پاشی متانول و نانوسیلیکون، محلول‌پاشی متانول و هیومیک اسید، محلول‌پاشی نانوسیلیکون با هیومیک اسید، محلول‌پاشی متانول، نانوسیلیکون و هیومیک اسید) را شامل می‌شدند. نتایج نشان داد محلول‌پاشی توام تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش (متانول، نانوسیلیکون و هیومیک اسید) در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله تورم غلاف برگ پرچم، محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدهید (39.79 درصد) و هدایت الکتریکی برگ پرچم (31.25 درصد) را کاهش ولی فعالیت آنزیم‌های پراکسیداز (4.89 درصد)، پلی‌فنل‌اکسیداز (7.73 درصد)، محتوای قندهای محلول (22.15 درصد)، کلروفیل a (33.48 درصد)، کلروفیل b (24.96 درصد) و محتوای پروتئین برگ (25.09 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (36.21 درصد) را در مقایسه با عدم محلول‌پاشی توام تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش تحت شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله تورم غلاف برگ پرچم، افزایش داد. به‌نظر می‌رسد کاربرد منفرد و تلفیقی تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش (متانول، نانوسیلیکون و هیومیک اسید)، می‌تواند عملکرد دانه گندم را تحت شرایط محدودیت آبی به‌واسطه بهبود فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی، اسمولیت‌های سازگار و رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرولین؛ خشکی؛ قندهای محلول؛ کاتالاز؛ مالون‌دی‌آلدهید

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