شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی ریسک‌های کسب و کار واحدهای تولیدی طیور

اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 62، فروردین 1403، صفحه 33-52   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jead.2024.84685.1222

نویسندگان

ملیحه شیبانی نوقابی؛ علیرضا کرباسی^* ؛ حسین محمدی

گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

چکیده

امروزه کسب­‌و­کارهای صنعت طیور با چالش‌های متعددی رو به رو می‌باشند؛ زیرا کسب­‌و­کارهای این صنعت، تعدادی از فرآیندها، شیوه‌ها و ریسک‌های منحصر به فرد را باید همزمان مدیریت نمایند. بنابراین، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ رﯾﺴﮏﻫﺎی کسب‌ و‌کار واحدهای تولیدی طیور، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاری در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮی این کسب و کارها اﯾﻔﺎء نماید. با توجه به لـزوم افزایش بهـره‌وری صنعت طیور، یکـی از راهکارهای اساسـی، شناسایی ریسک و اندازه‌گیری ریسک‌های موجود این صنعت می‌باشد. شناسایی و کمی‌سازی ریسک می‌تواند هزینه‌ها را برای ذینفعان این صنعت کاهش دهد و کاهش ریسک منجر به برنامه‌ریزی بهتر برای تولید می‌شود. در این راستا، این مطالعه به شناسایی ریسک‌های کسب و کار واحدهای تولیدی طیور استان خراسان رضوی پرداخته شده است و از نظر هدف، کاربردی‌ و از حیث‌ ماهیت‌ و روش، توصیفی‌ پیمایشی‌ و بر پایه پژوهش‌های آمیخته، به‌‌‌‌صورت کیفی و کمی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری مطالعه، خبرگان صنعت طیور می‌باشند که 18 نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی به‌عنوان نمونه پژوهش مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج روش دلفی فازی پنج ضلعی نشان داد که پنج ریسک اصلی و 36 ریسک فرعی از 58 ریسک شناسایی شده جزء ریسک‌های کسب و کار واحدهای تولیدی طیور می‌باشند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که نوسانات قیمت نهاده‌های دامی، قیمت‌گذاری دستوری، نوسانات نرخ ارز، تحریم‌ها، نوسانات قیمت مرغ و تأخیر در دسترسی به نهاده‌ها جزء مهم‌ترین ریسک‌های شناسایی شده می‌باشند. با توجه به نوسانات قیمت نهاده‌های دامی و نوسانات نرخ ارز پیشنهاد می‌شود به تخصیص ارز و کنترل آن توسط سیاست‌های دولت در جهت کاهش نوسانات مذکور اقدام شود و یا به سمت متنوع نمودن مواد خوراکی طیور و فرمول‌بندی جیره جدید خوراک طیور پیش رفت. همچنین برای جلوگیری از نوسانات قیمت مرغ و یا تخم مرغ، پیشنهاد می‌شود که خرید قراردادی این محصولات توسط شرکت پشتیبانی امور دام با نرخ مصوب انجام گیرد و یا هوشمندسازی شبکه توزیع برای جلوگیری از این نوسانات انجام شود. در بازار طیور بهتر است برای هر کیلوگرم مرغ تنها یک قیمت عادلانه با توجه به هزینه‌های تولید مرغداران تعیین شود و یا دخالت دولت در بازار نباشد و دولت اجازه دهد قیمت براساس مکانیزم تقاضا و عرضه صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

دلفی فازی پنج ضلعی؛ شناسایی؛ صنعت طیور؛ مدیریت ریسک

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