تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و سطوح رطوبتی بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ارقام کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) در دو منطقه بیرجند و سربیشه

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 22، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 74، تیر 1403، صفحه 169-195   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2024.85306.1279

نویسندگان

فرزانه گلستانی فر¹؛ سهراب محمودی^{* 1، 2}؛ حمیدرضا فلاحی^{1، 2}؛ علی شهیدی³

¹گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

²عضو گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش‌های محیطی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

³گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

کمبود آب، یکی از مشکلات اساسی کشاورزی ایران است، لذا احتمال وقوع تنش خشکی در دوره رشد گیاهان امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. بنابراین به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر سطوح رطوبتی بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ارقام کینوا، چهار آزمایش مجزا در دو منطقه (بیرجند و سربیشه) و دو تاریخ کاشت (مرداد و اسفندماه) در سال‌های 1399-1398 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل پنج سطح رطوبتی و سه رقم کینوا بود. آزمایش به‌صورت تجزیه مرکب ارزیابی گردید و اثرات تاریخ کاشت و مکان به‌صورت ثابت درنظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در کشت مردادماه صفات محتوای نسبی آب، نشت الکترولیت‌ها، درصد سدیم، درصد پتاسیم، محتوای کلروفیلa، کاروتنوئیدها، محتوای پرولین و کل کربوهیدرات­‌های محلول برگ به‌ترتیب 17.10، 74.62، 95.51، 31.9، 15.96، 20.81، 56.12 و 31.26 درصد افزایش و محتوای کلروفیل b، 13.15 درصد کاهش نسبت به کشت اسفندماه داشتند همچنین در سربیشه صفات محتوای نسبی آب، نشت الکترولیت، درصد پتاسیم و کاروتنوئیدهای برگ به‌ترتیب 3.53، 38.65، 94.19 و 9.30 درصد بیشتر از بیرجند اما صفات درصد سدیم، محتوای کلروفیلa، محتوای کلروفیلb، پرولین و کل کربوهیدرات محلول برگ به‌ترتیب 4، 1.88، 15.67، 51.02 و 30.41 درصد کمتر از بیرجند بودند. رقم گیزاوان نسبت به دو رقم دیگر، دارای مقادیر بالاتری از صفات بیوشیمیایی بود که این امر منجر به افزایش عملکرد بیولوژیک در رقم مذکور گردید و تنش رطوبتی نیز موجب کاهش معنی‌دار محتوای تسبی آب برگ و افزایش معنی‌دار سایر صفات بیوشیمیایی برگ کینوا گردید. در اکثر صفات مورد بررسی، بین سطوح 125 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرولین؛ درصد سدیم و پتاسیم؛ کلروفیلa و b؛ کم‌آبیاری؛ محتوای نسبی آب برگ

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