مطالعه اثر دور آبیاری و مقادیر زئولیت بر شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد لوبیا سفید (Phaseolus lanatus L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

دوره 15، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 29، خرداد 1403، صفحه 75-91   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.2024.85616.1076

نویسندگان

رضا رضوانی^* ؛ محمد کافی

گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

یکی از رویکرد‌های جدید در مدیریت منابع آب و خاک؛ استفاده از زئولیت به‌عنوان عامل حفظ رطوبت خاک و افزایش راندمان آب آبیاری است. بدین منظور آزمایشی برای بررسی اثر دور آبیاری و مقادیر مختلف زئولیت بر شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد رقم پاک لوبیا سفید (Phaseolus lanatus L.)، به­‌صورت اسپیلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک­‌های­ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه­‌ای در 20 کیلومتری شرق شهرستان بجنورد در سال زراعی 02- 1401 انجام شد. تیمار­ها شامل دور آبیاری 7، 10 و 13 روز به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و کاربرد سه سطح زئولیت در خاک (صفر، 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) به‌‎عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که کمترین ارتفاع بوته در سطوح آبیاری در تیمار بدون زئولیت مشاهده شد. کاربرد 10 تن در هکتار زئولیت، تعداد گره در بوته نسبت به سطح عدم مصرف زئولیت، افزایش معنی‌دار 15/18 درصد داشت. بالاترین سطح مصرف زئولیت سبب افزایش 88/13 درصد وزن 100 دانه نسبت به عدم مصرف زئولیت شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (5/4651 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در دور آبیاری هفت روز و کاربرد 10 تن در هکتار زئولیت مشاهده شد. کمترین نشت الکترولیت مربوط به دورهای آبیاری 10 و 7 روز و کاربرد 10 تن در هکتار زئولیت به­ترتیب به‌میزان 8/14 و 34/12 درصد بود. با کاهش فاصله آبیاری به 10 و 7 روز مشاهده شد که با افزایش مصرف زئولیت، شاخص برداشت افزایش یافت و در این بین، بیشترین شاخص مربوط به دور آبیاری هفت روز و مصرف زئولیت 10 تن در هکتار به‌میزان 5/35 درصد بود. به‌طور کلی، می‌­توان گفت که کاربرد 10 تن زئولیت در هکتار به­‌ویژه تحت اثر دور آبیاری هفت روز، می‌تواند منجر به تولید حداکثر عملکرد و ویژگی‌های رشدی لوبیا سفید گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اصلاح خاک؛ پرولین؛ حبوبات؛ سوپرجاذب؛ نشت الکترولیت

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