سنتز ترکیب فسفره بر پایه اکسید گرافن (GO-P) و بررسی تأثیر آن بر فراهمی فسفر در گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)

آب و خاک

مقاله 6، دوره 38، شماره 3، مرداد و شهریور 1403، صفحه 397-383   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2024.87114.1394

نویسندگان

هانیه عسگری¹؛ مجتبی بارانی مطلق^{* 1}؛ سید علیرضا موحدی نائینی¹؛ امیر بابائی²

¹گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

²گروه مهندسی پلیمر، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

اکسید گرافن به‌دلیل سطح بسیار زیاد و ساختار دو بعدی منحصر به فرد، بستر ایده‌آلی را برای بارگیری مواد مغذی و بررسی پتانسیل این ماده جدید در رهاسازی عناصر غذایی فراهم می‌کند. در این مطالعه سنتز ترکیب فسفره بر پایه اکسید گرافن (GO-P) به‌عنوان منبع تأمین فسفر انجام شد. بدین منظور سنتز اکسید گرافن به روش هامرز و بارگذاری آهن بر روی اکسید گرافن صورت گرفت و سپس بارگذاری فسفات بر روی ترکیب اکسید گرافن-آهن انجام شد که یون آهن در این ترکیب، به‌عنوان پل عمل می‌کند. غلظت فسفر و آهن کل، pH، EC، آنالیز طیف‌سنجی پراش پرتو ایکس (EDS)، وزن مخصوص ظاهری و ظرفیت نگهداشت آب کود در خاک ترکیب سنتز شده فسفر اندازه‌گیری شد. نتیجه آنالیز EDS، بارگذاری فسفر بر روی اکسید گرافن را تأیید نمود. ترکیب فسفره بر پایه اکسید گرافن (GO-P) به‌صورت پودری شکلسیاه رنگ، دارای 5/35 درصد P₂O₅، 1/31 درصد P₂O₅ محلول در آب، 6/19 درصد آهن و 28/15 درصد پتاسیم کل بود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی برخی از خصوصیات ترکیب فسفره بر پایه اکسید گرافن (GO-P) و اختلاط آن با کود سوپر فسفات تریپل به نسبت 50:50 درصد فسفر (GO-P-TSP) در مقایسه با کود محلول سوپر فسفات تریپل (TSP) و تأثیر آنها بر غلظت عناصر غذایی در اندام هوایی گیاه گندم بود. آزمایش گلخانه‌ای از طریق آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه (ANOVA) با 10 تیمار شامل سه سطح کودی (1-ترکیب فسفره بر پایه اکسید گرافن، 2-سوپر فسفات تریپل و 3- اختلاط ترکیب فسفره بر پایه اکسید گرافن و سوپر فسفات تریپل با نسبت 50:50 درصد فسفر) و سه سطح کوددهی (10، 15و 20 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) و یک شاهد بدون کوددهی فسفر در سه تکرار انجام و با استفاده از نرم‌افزارSAS  تجزیه آماری شدند. مقایسه میانگین‌ها در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد با استفاده از آزمون LSD انجام شد. طبق نتایج بدست آمده pH ترکیب فسفره بر پایه اکسید گرافن 8/5 که تقریباً 5/2 واحد بالاتر از کود سوپر فسفات تریپل، وزن مخصوص ظاهری آن 32/0 که به‌طور قابل توجهی از کود سوپر فسفات تریپل کمتر و EC آن مشابه EC کود سوپر فسفات تریپل بود. ظرفیت نگهداشت آب کود در خاک با تیمار ترکیب فسفره بر پایه اکسید گرافن (GO-P) در مقایسه با خاک (شاهد) و سایر ترکیبات اضافه شده به خاک، بالاترین مقدار بود. بیشترین وزن تازه اندام هوایی (6/10 گرم در گلدان)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی (03/2 گرم در گلدان)، غلظت فسفر در اندام هوایی (31/0 درصد) و غلظت فسفر خاک بعد از برداشت گیاه (5/9 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) مربوط به تیمار ترکیب فسفره بر پایه اکسید گرافن در سطح 20 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بود. این پژوهش نشان داد ترکیب مبتنی بر اکسید گرافن در مقایسه با کود سوپر فسفات تریپل کارایی بالاتری در رشد رویشی و افزایش فراهمی فسفر داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اکسید گرافن؛ رفتار نگهداشت آب کودها در خاک؛ غلظت فسفر؛ گندم

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