The Narratology of Victor Hugo's Novel Les Miserables based on The Theory of Gerard Genette

پژوهش های زبان و ترجمه فرانسه

Volume 7, Issue 1 - Serial Number 12, September 2024, Pages 108-131   

Document Type: پژوهش های زبان و ترجمه فرانسه

DOI: 10.22067/rltf.2024.87673.1112

Authors

Somayeh Sheikhzadeh¹; Mohammad Ziar^{* 2}; Pantea Rahim Tabrizi³

¹Central Tehran Branch Azad University

²Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University

³Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University

Abstract

Narration is the description of the events of a novelistic text in different forms, and narratology is a science that analyzes and examines the methods of narration and its structure. As a researcher and one of the most effective theorists of the science of narratology, Gérard Genette proposes comprehensive methods of narrative analysis. Due to the aspects of the novel Les Misérables (social, political, educational, psychological, etc.), in this research, we try to analyze this work analytically or qualitatively, and this, by resorting to the narrative elements of Gérard Genette. To analyze the structure and mechanism of the novel, it is necessary to determine the techniques used by Hugo. The studies carried out show that in the mentioned novel, time is divided into three categories: past, present, and future, and despite the linearity of time, the author used the future to prevent the story from falling into the monotony of the narration of events. The three modes of singular frequency, repeated frequency, and narrator frequency are found abundantly throughout the novel, and the aspect is also given by the narration throughout the narrative. Therefore, it can be concluded that in Les Misérables, Hugo was able to exert the greatest impact on the minds of his readership by creating a coherent work while using various narrative techniques.

Keywords

Narratology; The novel of The Miserable; Victor Hugo; Genette'; s theory; Narration

References