بررسی تأثیر خاک‌ورزی و کوددهی بر اساس نیاز گیاه بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius) در شرایط دیم

آب و خاک

دوره 38، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 96، مهر و آبان 1403، صفحه 445-461   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2024.86923.1387

نویسندگان

دنیا پرماه¹؛ حمیدرضا چقازردی^{* 1}؛ فرزاد مندنی¹؛ علی بهشتی آل آقا²؛ دانیال کهریزی¹

¹گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

²گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

تولید عملکرد مطلوب در کشت دیم به‌طور مستقیم به میزان بارندگی و ذخیره رطوبت در خاک بستگی دارد. سیستم خاک‌ورزی به‌طور مستقیم بر محتوی ذخیره رطوبتی و خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک تأثیر می‌گذارد و انتخاب سیستم مناسب خاک‌ورزی درنهایت عملکرد محصول را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. به همین منظور و با توجه به ارزش کشت گیاهان دانه‌ روغنی، آزمایشی برای بررسی تأثیر خاک‌ورزی و کوددهی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گلرنگ در شرایط دیم انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و به‌صورت دیم انجام گردید. تیمارها شامل سامانه‌های خاک‌ورزی (خاک‌ورزی مرسوم، خاک‌ورزی کاهش­یافته و بی‌خاک‌ورزی) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و کود NPK (مخلوطی از کودهای اوره، سوپر فسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم)، در چهار سطح صفر، 33، 66 و 100 درصد به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. در تمام مراحل کاشت، داشت و برداشت تمام مدیریت­های زراعی بر اساس مدیریت مرسوم منطقه مورد بررسی و به شیوه کشاورز صورت گرفت. در مرحله‌ رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک نمونه‌برداری نهایی یا برداشت به‌صورت دستی انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد صفات مورد بررسی شامل شاخص سطح برگ، میزان ماده خشک، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیستی تحت تأثیر سیستم خاک‌ورزی، کود و اثر متقابل آن‌ها قرار گرفتند. بالاترین عملکرد دانه گلرنگ به میزان 6/195 گرم در متر مربع از نسبت کودی 33 درصد و خاک‌ورزی مرسوم و کمترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 2/116 گرم در متر مربع نیز از بی‌خاک‌ورزی و عدم مصرف کود حاصل شد. نتایج نشان داد که سیستم خاک‌ورزی مرسوم نسبت به کم­خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی نتیجه بهتری داشت. در بیشتر صفات مورد بررسی کاربرد نسبت 33 و 66 درصد نیاز کودی سبب بهترین نتیجه شده و نسبت کودی 100 درصد تأثیرات منفی بر جای گذاشته است که این امر نشان دهنده نیاز کودی کمتر این رقم در شرایط مورد مطالعه نسبت به ارقام در مناطق دیگر می­باشد. با توجه به این‌که پژوهش در سال‌های پرباران انجام شد، خاک‌ورزی مرسوم بهتر از کم خاک‌ورزی بوده است. پیشنهاد می‌شود میزان تولید این گیاه در شرایط آبیاری‌های مختلف و محدودیت رطوبتی ارزیابی شود تا سیستم‌های خاک‌ورزی و روش‌های مدیریتی با دقت بیشتری بررسی و انتخاب شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بی‌خاک‌ورزی؛ خاک‌ورزی مرسوم؛ دانه روغنی؛ کشاورزی حفاظتی؛ مدیریت زراعی

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