تحلیل میدان مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی در پیوند با قدرت و مذهب در تاریخ اجتماعی ایران بر اساس اندیشه بوردیو

پژوهش نامه مبانی تعلیم و تربیت

دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 26، اسفند 1402، صفحه 85-112   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/fedu.2024.87016.1332

نویسندگان

محمد آخوندی¹؛ رضوان حسین‌قلی زاده^{* 2}؛ محسن نوغانی³؛ شهرام یوسفی فر⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²دانشیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی و توسعه منابع انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

³دانشیار، گروه آموزشی علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

⁴استاد، گروه تاریخ، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف اصلی این پژوهش، تحلیل ماهیت خرده میدان مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی در پیوند با میدان قدرت و مذهب در دوره­های تاریخی ایران در چهارچوب نظریه میدان بوردیو می‌باشد. لذا با استفاده از روش پژوهش اسنادی و با تکنیک تحلیل مضمون منطبق بر رویکرد برون و کلارک و مدل آتراید استرلینگ، تاریخ اجتماعی ایران در دو دوره پیش از اسلام (ایران باستان) و پس از اسلام (تا اواسط دوره قاجار و تحولات جدید آموزشی) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در دوره باستان مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی در قالب سلسله‌مراتب موبدان زرتشتی با میزان متفاوت سرمایه‌های فرهنگی تجسم‌یافته انحصاری، سرمایه‌های اجتماعی اشرافی و سرمایه نمادین حاصل‌شده از موقعیت سیاسی ظهور کرد که توارث حرفه‌ای محدود در طبقات اجتماعی، مشخصه بارز این خرده میدان بود. مهمترین کارکرد این میدان، تسلط معرفت‌شناختی، محدودسازی طبقاتی معرفت و بازتولید طبقات مبتنی بر مدیریت نظام ارزشی بود. در دوره اسلامی به دلیل کاهش پیوند میدان قدرت و مذهب و همچنین استقلال نسبی میدان آموزش به‌ویژه در دوره‌های شکوفایی، مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی به کارکرد تخصصی و ذاتی خویش نزدیک شد. علمای سرشناس مذهبی در قامت متولی وقف یا نماینده حاکمیت بر اساس شرایط حرفه‌ای خویش و بر مبنای سرمایه فرهنگی، مدیریت آموزش را بر عهده گرفتند. کارکرد این میدان بر اساس میزان استقلال آن قابل تبیین است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

میدان مدیریت و رهبری آموزشی؛ سرمایه‌های محوری؛ جامعه‌شناسی آموزش؛ بوردیو؛ میدان قدرت

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