تأثیر کانی‌های رسی و کاتیون‌های تبادلی بر معدنی شدن نیتروژن آلی

آب و خاک

دوره 38، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 96، مهر و آبان 1403، صفحه 463-477   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2024.87185.1396

نویسندگان

فاطمه رخش^{* 1}؛ احمد گلچین¹؛ علی بهشتی آل آقا²

¹گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

²گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

بافت خاک یکی از تأثیرگذارترین ویژگی خاک‌ها بر تجزیه و نگهداشت ماده آلی در خاک است. رس­ها با افزایش نگهداشت ماده آلی خاک موجب کاهش سرعت تجزیه آن می‌شوند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر نوع مختلف رس‌ و کاتیون‌های تبادلی بر معدنی شدن نیتروژن آلی بود. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل: نوع رس (ورمی‌کولیت و زئولیت)، سطوح مختلف رس (صفر، 15، 30 و 45 درصد وزنی) و نوع کاتیون تبادلی (Na⁺، Ca²⁺ و Al³⁺) بودند. نمونه­های خاک با توجه به مقدار و نوع رس و نوع کاتیون تبادلی، به‌صورت جداگانه تهیه و به نمونه‌ها بقایای یونجه اضافه گردید. پس از افزودن مایه تلقیح و هوا خشک کردن نمونه­ها، مجدداً رطوبت نمونه‌ها با استفاده از آب مقطر به 60 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه رسید و به‌مدت 60 روز و در دمای 23 درجه سلسیوس در تاریکی نگهداری شدند. نتایج نشان‌دهنده تأثیر نوع و مقدار رس و نوع کاتیون تبادلی بر معدنی­شدن نیتروژن آلی بود. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش مقدار هر دو نوع رس، درصد نیتروژن معدنی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های فسفاتاز اسیدی و قلیایی و سلولاز کاهش یافته ولی نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی افزایش یافت. بیشترین درصد نیتروژن معدنی در رس‌های اشباع شده با کاتیون کلسیم، پس از 60 روز و کمترین مقدار درصد نیتروژن معدنی، در رس‌های اشباع شده با کاتیون آلومینیوم پس از 15 روز خوبانیدن به‌دست آمدند. بیشترین درصد نیتروژن معدنی شده، نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی و فعالیت آنزیم‌ها در نمونه­های دارای ورمی‌کولیت اندازه­گیری گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آلومینیوم؛ زئولیت؛ سدیم؛ ماده آلی؛ ورمی‌کولیت

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