ارزیابی تأثیر تنش خشکی و مدیریت آبیاری بر انتشار گاز دی‌اکسید کربنِ خاک، بهره‌وری آب و عملکرد سویا (Glycine max L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 7، دوره 22، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 75، مهر 1403، صفحه 343-357   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2024.86444.1300

نویسندگان

سعید شیوخی سوغانلو^{* 1}؛ محمد علی غلامی سفیدکوهی¹؛ مهدی عارف راد²

¹گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

²دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، ایران

چکیده

گرمایش جهانی ناشی از انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای و فراوانی خشکسالی‌ها باعث شده است که مواجه شدن با چالش بحران منابع آب امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر باشد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1403-1402، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل عامل اصلی تنش خشکی در سه سطح (بدون تنش (FC100)، 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (FC75) و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (FC50)) و عامل فرعی مدیریت آبیاری در دو سطح (آبیاری با پساب شهری (UWW) و آب چاه (WW)) بود. بر پایه یافته‌ها، بیشترین میزان انتشار گاز دی‌اکسید کربن در مراحل میانی و انتهایی نمونه‌برداری در 60، 75، 90 و 105 روز پس از کاشت در شرایط FC100 به‌ترتیب با 535.9، 534.5، 543.6 و 444.5 پی‌پی‌ام در دقیقه مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین مقدار این پارامتر، به هنگام آبیاری با پساب در مقایسه با آب چاه به‌ترتیب با 536.5، 540.1، 538 و 516.9 پی‌پی‌ام در دقیقه اختصاص یافت. بیشترین میزان بهره‌وری آب در شرایط بدون تنش با مقدار 0.62 کیلوگرم در مترمکعب مشاهده شد. میزان بهره‌وری آب به هنگام آبیاری با پساب با مقدار 0.47 کیلوگرم در مترمکعب، نسبت به آبیاری با آب چاه برتری داشت. نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط بدون تنش و آبیاری با پساب، بیشترین میزان تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه و تولید ماده خشک به‌دست آمد. با توجه به بحران کم‌آبی و چالش بروز تنش خشکی در طول دوره رشد سویا، مدیریت صحیح و بهره‌وری کارآمد از منابع نامتعارف آب (پساب شهری) امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر و راهکاری مناسب و امکان‌پذیر به‌نظر می‌رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پساب شهری؛ تعداد غلاف؛ ظرفیت زراعی؛ ماده خشک

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