On the historical biogeography of the subfamily Uromastycinae: how did Saara achieve its eastern range

Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics

دوره 20، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 36، مهر 2024، صفحه 33-44   

نوع مقاله: Review Articles

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijab.2024.86882.1067

نویسندگان

Mohsen Takesh^{* 1}؛ Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani²؛ Ahmad Gharzi¹؛ Anthony Herrel³

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran

²Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Iran

³Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR 7179 MECADEV C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Bâtiment d’Anatomie Comparée, 55 rue Buffon, Paris, 75005, France

چکیده

Here we challenge the origin center of the subfamily Uromastycinae, i.e. eastern or southern Asia, and east to west dispersal toward the Middle East and Africa and suggest that Afro-Arabia is a more probable candidate as the center. The uromastycine clade diverged in Afro-Arabia during the Oligocene forming the Uromastyx and Saara roots; the Saara root diverged into a northern clade and an eastern clade during middle Miocene. The northern clade either dispersed towards the Gomphotherium landbridge; the populations that did not cross the landbridge evolved into S. loricata, and the passed ones dispersed eastwards and evolved into S. asmussi; or it extended towards central Iran during the intermittent Tethys seaway connections and/or permanent Tethys seaway closure, and the vicariant Zagros orogeny caused the evolution of S. loricata in the western Zagros and S. asmussi in the eastern Zagros and central Iran. The eastern clade, S. hardwickii, followed a path that formed through the contact of the Indian and Arabian Peninsula continental shelves, amplified by the sea level regression during the middle Miocene glaciation.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Acrodont؛ Africa؛ Agamid؛ dispersal؛ Uromastyx؛ vicariance

مراجع

Agusti J, Rook L, Andrews P. 1999. Chapter 1: introduction. In: Agusti J, Rook L, Andrews P, eds. The
evolution of Neogene terrestrial ecosystems in Europe. London: Cambridge University Press, 1–6.
Aitchison, J. C., Ali, J. R., & Davis, A. M. 2007. When and where did India and Asia collide?. Journal of
Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112(B5).
Amer, S. A., & Kumazawa, Y. 2005a. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed
lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements.
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 85(2), 247–260.
Amer, S. A., & Kumazawa, Y. 2005b. Mitochondrial genome of Pogona vitticepes (Reptilia; Agamidae):
control region duplication and the origin of Australasian agamids. Gene, 346, 249–256.
Averianov, A. & Danilov, I. 1996. Agamid lizards (Reptilia, Sauria, Agamidae) from the Early Eocene of
Kyrgyzstan. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Geologie Und Palaontologie Monatshefte, 12, 739–750.
BIOGEOGRAPHY OF UROMASTYCINAE 41
Apesteguía, S., Daza, J. D., Simões, T. R., & Rage, J. C. 2016. The first iguanian lizard from the
Mesozoic of Africa. Royal Society Open Science, 3(9), 160462.
Bosworth, W., Huchon, P., & McClay, K. 2005. The red sea and gulf of aden basins. Journal of African
Earth Sciences, 43(1–3), 334–378.
Brown, G.B., 1972. Tectonic Map of the Arabian Peninsula. Saudi Arabian Directorate General of
Mineral Resources Map AP-2, Scale 1:4,000,000.
Calviño, C. I., Teruel, F. E., & Downie, S. R. 2016. The role of the Southern Hemisphere in the
evolutionary history of Apiaceae, a mostly north temperate plant family. Journal of Biogeography, 43(2),
398–409. Č
erňanský, A., Singh, N. P., Patnaik, R., Sharma, K. M., Tiwari, R. P., Sehgal, R. K., ... & Choudhary, D.
2021. The Miocene fossil lizards from Kutch (Gujarat), India: a rare window to the past diversity of this
subcontinent. Journal of Paleontology, 1–11.
Coppens, Y. 1994. East side story: the origin of humankind. Scientific American, 270(5), 88–95.
Datta, P. M., & Ray, S. 2006. Earliest lizard from the Late Triassic (Carnian) of India. Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology, 26(4), 795–800.
Delfino, M., Kotsakis, T., Arca, M., Tuveri, C., Pitruzzella, G., & Rook, L. 2008. Agamid lizards from
the Plio-Pleistocene of Sardinia (Italy) and an overview of the European fossil record of the family.
deMenocal, P. B., & Brown, F. H. 1999. Pliocene tephra correlations between East African hominid
localities, the Gulf of Aden, and the Arabian Sea. Hominid evolution and climatic change in Europe, 1,
23–54.
Erbil, Ü., Okay, A. I., & Hakyemez, A. 2021. Late Oligocene—Early Miocene shortening in the Thrace
Basin, northern Aegean. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 110(6), 1921–1936.
Geoffroy, L., Huchon, P., & Khanbari, K. 1998. Did Yemeni Tertiary granites intrude neck zones of a
stretched continental upper crust?. Terra Nova, 10(4), 196–200.
Girdler, R. W. 1984. The evolution of the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea in space and time. Deep Sea
Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 31(6–8), 747–762.
Girdler, R. W. 1991. The Afro-Arabian rift system—an overview. Tectonophysics, 197(2–4), 139–153.
Göhlich, U. B. 2020. The proboscidean fauna (Mammalia) from the Middle Miocene lignites of
Gračanica near Bugojno (Bosnia–Herzegovina). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 100(2),
413–436.
Gray, J. E. 1825. A synopsis of the genera of reptiles and Amphibia, with a description of some new
species. Annals of Philosophy, 10, 193–217.
42 IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOSYSTEMATICS Vol.20, No.1
Grismer, J. L. 2016. The Fragmentation of Gondwanaland: Influence on the Historical Biogeography and
Morphological Evolution within Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) (Doctoral dissertation,
University of Kansas).
Hamon, N., Sepulchre, P., Lefebvre, V., & Ramstein, G. 2013. The role of eastern Tethys seaway closure
in the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition (ca. 14 Ma). Climate of the Past, 9(6), 2687–2702.
Harzhauser, M., Piller, W. E., & Steininger, F. F. 2002. Circum-Mediterranean Oligo–Miocene
biogeographic evolution–the gastropods’ point of view. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology, 183(1–2), 103–133.
Harzhauser, M., Kroh, A., Mandic, O., Piller, W. E., Göhlich, U., Reuter, M., & Berning, B. 2007.
Biogeographic responses to geodynamics: a key study all around the Oligo–Miocene Tethyan Seaway.
Zoologischer Anzeiger–A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 246(4), 241–256.
He, Z., Zhang, Z., Guo, Z., Scotese, C. R., & Deng, C. 2021. Middle Miocene (∼ 14 Ma) and Late
Miocene (∼ 6 Ma) Paleogeographic Boundary Conditions. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology,
36(11), e2021PA004298.
Head, J. J., Gunnell, G. F., Holroyd, P. A., Hutchison, J. H., & Ciochon, R. L. 2013. Giant lizards
occupied herbivorous mammalian ecospace during the Paleogene greenhouse in Southeast Asia.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280(1763), 20130665.
Holmes, R. B., Murray, A. M., Chatrath, P., Attia, Y. S., & Simons, E. L. 2010. Agamid lizard
(Agamidae: Uromastycinae) from the lower Oligocene of Egypt. Historical Biology, 22(1–3), 215–223.
Honda, M., Ota, H., Kobayashi, M., Nabhitabhata, J., Yong, H. S., Sengoku, S., & Hikida, T. 2000.
Phylogenetic relationships of the family Agamidae (Reptilia: Iguania) inferred from mitochondrial DNA
sequences. Zoological Science, 17(4), 527–537.
Joger, U. 1986. Phylogenetic analysis of Uromastyx lizards, based on albumin immunological
distances. Studies in Herpetology, 187–192.
Kuhlemann, J. 2003. Global Cenozoic relief formation and mountain uplift in convergent plate margins.
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, 215–256.
Lambeck, K. 1996. Shoreline reconstructions for the Persian Gulf since the last glacial maximum. Earth
and Planetary Science Letters, 142(1–2), 43–57.
MacDonald, G. 2002. Biogeography: introduction to space, time, and life. John Wiley & Sons.
McClanahan, Y., Young, T. P. 1996. East African ecosystems and their conservation. Oxford University
Press, USA.
Merrem, B. 1820. Versuch eines systems der Amphibien. JC Krieger.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5037
Mirzaie Ataabadi, M. 2010. The Miocene of western Asia: fossil mammals at the crossroads of faunal
provinces and climate regimes.
BIOGEOGRAPHY OF UROMASTYCINAE 43
Mouthereau, F., Lacombe, O., & Vergés, J. 2012. Building the Zagros collisional orogen: timing, strain
distribution and the dynamics of Arabia/Eurasia plate convergence. Tectonophysics, 532, 27–60.
Moody, S. M. 1980. Phylogenetic and historical biogeographical relationships of the genera in the family
Agamidae (Reptilia: Lacertilia) (Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan).
Okajima, Y., & Kumazawa, Y. 2010. Mitochondrial genomes of acrodont lizards: timing of gene
rearrangements and phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10(1), 1–
15.
Pook, C. E., Joger, U., Stümpel, N., & Wüster, W. 2009. When continents collide: phylogeny, historical
biogeography and systematics of the medically important viper genus Echis (Squamata: Serpentes:
Viperidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 53(3), 792–807.
Popov, S. V., Rögl, F., Rozanov, A. Y., Steininger, F. F., Shcherba, I. G., & Kovac, M. 2004.
Lithological-paleogeographic maps of Paratethys–10 maps Late Eocene to Pliocene. Courier
Forschungsinst. Senckenberg. 250,1–46.
Pyron, R. A., Burbrink, F. T., & Wiens, J. J. 2013. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata,
including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC evolutionary biology, 13(1), 1–54.
Rage, J. C., & Augé, M. 2015. Valbro: A new site of vertebrates from the Early Oligocene (MP 22) of
France (Quercy). III–Amphibians and squamates. In Annales de Paléontologie (Vol. 101, No. 1, pp. 29–
41). Elsevier Masson.
Rögl, F. 1998. Palaeogeographic considerations for Mediterranean and Paratethys seaways (Oligocene to
Miocene). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie A für Mineralogie und Petrographie,
Geologie und Paläontologie, Anthropologie und Prähistorie, 279–310.
Rögl, F. 1999. Mediterranean and Paratethys. Facts and hypotheses of an Oligocene to Miocene
paleogeography (short overview). Geologica carpathica, 50(4), 339–349.
Schandelmeier, H., Reynolds, P. O., & Semter, A. K. 1997. Palaeogeographic-palaeotectonic atlas of
North-Eastern Africa, Arabia, and Adjacent areas(late Neoproterozoic to Holocene. I, Explanatory notes.
II, Plates).
Schleich, H. H., Kästle, W., & Kabisch, K. 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of North Africa (Vol. 63).
Germany: Koeltz scientific books, Koenigstein.
Shevenell, A. E., Kennett, J. P., & Lea, D. W. 2004. Middle Miocene southern ocean cooling and
Antarctic cryosphere expansion. Science, 305(5691), 1766–1770.
Šmíd, J., Carranza, S., Kratochvíl, L., Gvoždík, V., Nasher, A. K., & Moravec, J. 2013. Out of Arabia: A
complex biogeographic history of multiple vicariance and dispersal events in the gecko genus
Hemidactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). PloS one, 8(5), e64018.
Šmíd, J., Sindaco, R., Shobrak, M., Busais, S., Tamar, K., Aghová, T., ... & Carranza, S. 2021. Diversity
patterns and evolutionary history of Arabian squamates. Journal of Biogeography, 48(5), 1183-1199.
44 IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOSYSTEMATICS Vol.20, No.1
Sun, J., Sheykh, M., Ahmadi, N., Cao, M., Zhang, Z., Tian, S., ... & Talebian, M. 2021. Permanent
closure of the Tethyan Seaway in the northwestern Iranian Plateau driven by cyclic sea-level fluctuations
in the late Middle Miocene. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 564, 110172.
Takesh, M., Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Gharzi, A., Azadbakht, M., Jalili, C., & Anderson, S. C. 2020. A
monograph on the osteology of Mesopotamian spiny-tailed lizards, Saara loricata (Blanford, 1874)
(Sauria: Agamidae: Uromastycinae). Herpetological Monographs, 34(1), 208-245.
Tamar, K., Metallinou, M., Wilms, T., Schmitz, A., Crochet, P. A., Geniez, P., & Carranza, S. 2018.
Evolutionary history of spiny‐tailed lizards (Agamidae: Uromastyx) from the Saharo‐Arabian region.
Zoologica Scripta, 47(2), 159–173.
Tejero-Cicuéndez, H., Patton, A. H., Caetano, D. S., Šmíd, J., Harmon, L. J., & Carranza, S. 2022.
Reconstructing squamate biogeography in Afro-Arabia reveals the influence of a complex and dynamic
geologic past. Systematic Biology, 71(2), 261–272.
Theobald, W. 1868. Catalogue of the Reptiles of British Birma, embracing the Provinces of Pegu,
Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Zoological Journal of the
Linnean Society, 10(41), 4–67.
Townsend, T. M., Mulcahy, D. G., Noonan, B. P., Sites Jr, J. W., Kuczynski, C. A., Wiens, J. J., &
Reeder, T. W. 2011. Phylogeny of iguanian lizards inferred from 29 nuclear loci, and a comparison of
concatenated and species-tree approaches for an ancient, rapid radiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and
Evolution, 61(2), 363–380.
Vullo, R., Bailon, S., Dauphin, Y., Monchot, H., & Allain, R. 2023. A reappraisal of Jeddaherdan
aleadonta (Squamata: Acrodonta), the purported oldest iguanian lizard from Africa. Cretaceous Research,
143, 105412.
Wilms, T. 1995. Dornschwanzagamen: Lebensweise, Pflege und Zucht. Herpeton-Verlag.
Wilms, T. M., Böhme, W., Wagner, P., Lutzmann, N., & Schmitz, A. 2009. On the phylogeny and
taxonomy of the genus Uromastyx Merrem, 1820 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae: Uromastycinae)-
resurrection of the genus Saara Gray, 1845. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 56(1/2), 55–99.
Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E., & Billups, K. 2001. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in
global climate 65 Ma to present. science, 292(5517), 686–693