تحلیلی بر پروژه‌های کشاورزی شهری زندان- مزرعه در کرمانشاه

مجله اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی

دوره 38، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 63، تیر 1403، صفحه 209-225   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی به زبان انگلیسی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jead.2024.87678.1262

نویسندگان

علی پشابادی؛ شهپر گراوندی^*

گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

کشاورزی شهری نه تنها امکان تحقق توسعه پایدار کشاورزی و مشارکت همه افراد جامعه را فراهم می‌آورد بلکه می‌تواند منجر به افزایش توانبخشی در اقشار مختلف جامعه از جمله زندانیان شود. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیلی بر اثربخشی پروژه‌های توانبخشی زندان-مزرعه در زندان دیزل آباد کرمانشاه در ایران می‌باشد. جامعه آماری دو گروه از افراد بودند؛ گروه اول شامل 130 نفر از زندانیان دیزل آباد کرمانشاه بودند که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 97 از آن‌ها به روش نمونه‌گیری سیستماتیک انتخاب و مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. گروه دوم نیز شامل 14 نفر از مدیران و مسئولین و کارشناسان ندامتگاه بودند که به روش سرشماری (کل شماری) مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بر مبنای مدل کرک پاتریک بود. پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. روایی شکلی و محتوایی پرسشنامه نیز توسط اساتید و اعضای هیئت علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. به­منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده شد. یافته‌ها در سطح یک الگوی کرک پاتریک نشان داد با اطمینان 99 درصد می‌توان ادعا نمود زندانیان از شرکت در در دوره آموزش کشاورزی شهری رضایت داشته‌اند. در سطح دوم نیز نتایج نمایانگر آن بود که میزان آگاهی زندانیان افزایش داشته است و نمرات آگاهی آنها در دو مرحله قبل و بعد از آموزش از لحاظ آماری معنی‌دار است (p>0.01). علاوه بر این، یافته‌ها در سطح سوم (رفتار) الگوی کرک پاتریک نشان داد با اطمینان 95 درصد می‌توان ادعا نمود سایت‌های الگویی جامع توانسته‌اند در رفتار زندانیان تغییرات قابل توجهی را ایجاد نماید. بررسی یافته‌ها در سطح چهارم مدل نشان داد اگر چه دوره‌های آموزش کشاورزی شهری در ندامتگاه آباد کرمانشاه نتایج و دستاوردهای در حد متوسط به همراه داشته‌اند. اما این دستاورد از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معناداری ندارد. به‌طور کلی بررسی‌ها نشان داد دوره‌های آموزش کشاورزی شهری در ندامتگاه دیزل آباد کرمانشاه تغییرات رفتاری، دانشی، نگرشی را در زندانیان ایجاد نمایند. به گونه‌ای که می‌توان امیدوار بود این برنامه‌های آموزشی اصلاحی بتواند منافع مورد نیاز جامعه و زندانیان را تأمین نمایند. از این رو برنامه‌های زندان مزرعه در قالب برنامه‌های کشاورزی شهری می‌تواند راهکاری مناسب برای توانبخشی زندانیان و توسعه کشاورزی شهری باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آموزش اصلاحی؛ توانبخشی کشاورزی؛ کشاورزی شهری؛ زندان- مزرعه؛ مدل کرک پاتریک

مراجع

1. 1. Aguiar, A. (2022). The importance of education in the penitentiary system and its resignification in resocialization. Revista Gênero e Interdisciplinaridade, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.51249/gei.v3i01.644
   2. Ajah, B. (2019). Agricultural training of inmates and challenges facing food security in Nigeria, A study of Awka and Abakaliki Prisons. Research Journal of Food and Nutrition, 3(1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.22259/2637-5583.0301002
   3. Alsalamah, A., & Callinan, C. (2021). The Kirkpatrick model for training evaluation: bibliometric analysis after 60 years (1959–2020). Industrial and Commercial Training. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-12-2020-0115
   4. Anderson, T.L., & Leal, D. (1997). Enviro-capitalists: Doing good while doing well, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Md. : Rowman & Littlefield, c1997. 189Pp.
   5. Asokhia, M.O., & Agbonluae, O.O. (2013). Assessment of rehabilitation services in Nigerian prisons in Edo State. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 3(1), 224-230. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12314238
   6. Bachi, K. (2013). Equine-facilitated prison-based programs within the context of prison-based animal programs: State of the science review. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 52(1), 46-74. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/10509674.2012.734371
   7. Baggio, S., Weber, M., Rossegger, A., Endrass, J., Heller, P., Schneeberger, A., Graf, M., & Liebrenz, M. (2020). Reducing recidivism using the Reasoning and Rehabilitation program: a pilot multi-site-controlled trial among prisoners in Switzerland. International Journal of Public Health, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01372-9
   8. Baybutt, M., Dooris, M., & Farrier, A. (2019). Growing health in UK prison settings, Health Promotion International, 34(4), 792-802. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day037
   9. Beseres, M. (2017). Unintended rehabilitation: A comparative analysis of prison animal programs, retrieved from Sophia, the St. Catherine University repository website: https://sophia.stkate.edu/papers, 713
   10. Bowlby, J. (1969). Unintended rehabilitation: A comparative analysis of prison unintended rehabilitation: A comparative analysis of prison animal programs attachment and loss, Vol. 1, Attachment, New York: Basic Books. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148996506
   11. Bozick, R., Steele, J.L., Davis, L., & Turner, S. (2018). Does providing inmates with education improve postrelease outcomes? A meta-analysis of correctional education programs in the United States. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 14(4), 389-428. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11292-018-9334-6
   12. Braz, R., & Gilmore, C. (2006). Joining forces: Prisons and environmental justice in recent California organizing. Radical History Review, 96, 95-111. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2006-006
   13. Brewster, D.R., & Sharp, S.F. (2002). Educational programs and recidivism in Oklahoma: Another Look. The Prison Journal, 82(3), 314-334. https://doi.org/10.1177/003288550208200302
   14. Brown, A., Frissora, G.G., Wardle, R.E., & Onwudiwe, Ch.bC. (2015). Rehabilitation in prison: An examination of prison animal programs. Journal of Ohio Council of Criminal Justice Education, 17-32. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1452118256
   15. Brown, G., Bos, E., Brady, G., Kneafsey, M., & Glynn, M. (2016). An evaluation of the master gardener programme at HMP Rye Hill: A Horticultural Intervention with Substance Misusing Offenders, Prison service Journal, 225, 45-52. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304355054_An_Evaluation_of_the_Master_Gardener_Programme_at_HMP_Rye_Hill_A_Horticultural_Intervention_with_Substance_Misusing_Offenders
   16. Coppedge, R., & Strong, R. (2013). Vocational programs in the Federal Bureau of prisons: Examining the potential of agricultural education programs for Inmates. Journal of Agricultural Education, 54(3), 116-125. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2013.03116
   17. Correctional Facilities Organization of Kermanshah Province. (2021). Retrieved from the internet: https://www.prisons.ir/service/Provinces/kermanshah
   18. Criss, J., & John, A. (2023). Therapeutic interventions for mental wellness in correctional facilities: A systematic review. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X231159884
   19. Darke, S., & Aresti, A. (2016). Connecting prisons and universities through higher Education. Prison Service Journal, 266, 26-32. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303312318_Connecting_prisons_and_universities_through_higher_education
   20. Darmawati, M.R., Ruslan, A., & Muchtar, S. (2020). The essence of fostering Inmates in the penitentiary system. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization. https://doi.org/10.7176/JLPG/94-11
   21. Davis, K. (2007), Perspectives of youth in an animal-centered correctional vocational program: A qualitative evaluation of Project Pooch, Retrieved from pooch.org/documents/project-pooch-qualitative-eval
   22. Dissel, A. (2007). Rehabilitation and reintegration in African prisons. Human Rights in African Prisons. HSRC Press: Cape Town, p. l55-176. https://www.csvr.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/Rehabilitation_and_reintegration_in_Afri.pdf
   23. Farley, H., & Pike, A. (2016). Engaging prisoners in education: Reducing risk and recidivism. Advancing Corrections: Journal of the International Corrections and Prisons Association, 1, 65–73. http://icpa.ca/1st-edition-of-advancing-corrections-journal/?utm_source=ICPA%3A+Advancing+Corrections+Journal+2016+&utm_campaign=Buch2016&utm_medium=email
   24. Fedyunin, A., & Peretyatko, N. (2020). Conceptual problems of the rehabilitation institute in criminal proceedings. 278-286. https://doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2020-4-14-278-286
   25. Granger, K.V. (2017), Grow where you are planted: The use of gardening as offender rehabilitation in prison, Online Theses and Dissertations, 528. https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/528
   26. Han, T. M., Gandenberger, J., Flynn, E., Sharma, J., & Morris, K. N. (2021). Empowerment theory and prison-based dog training programs. Journal of Social Work, 21(6), 1360–1376. DOI:1177/1468017320954350.
   27. Harkrader, T., Burke, T. W., & Owen, S.S. (2004), Pound puppies: The rehabilitative uses of dogs in correctional facilities, Corrections Today, 74-79. DOI:1007/978-3-030-25618-0
   28. Howard, J. (2017). Punishment as Moral Fortification. Law and Philosophy, 36, 45-75. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10982-016-9272-2.
   29. Howells, K., & Day, A. (1999). The rehabilitation of offenders: International perspectives applied to Australian correctional systems. Australian Institute of Criminology, trends & issues in crime and criminal justice. Available: http://aic.gov.au/documents, Accessed: 4 March 2013. https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi112
   30. Hunter, G., & Boyce, I. (2009). Preparing for employment: Inmates' experience of Participating in a Prison Training Programme. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, 48(2), 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.2008.00551.x
   31. Kaye, Th.N., Bush, K., Naugle, Ch., & LeRoy, C.J. (2015). Conservation projects in prison: The case for engaging incarcerated populations in conservation and science. Natural Areas Journal, 35(1), 90-97. https://doi.org/10.3375/043.035.0113
   32. Kirkpatrick, DL. (1996). Techniques for evaluating training programs. Classic Writings on Instructional Technology, 1(192), 119. https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers?ReferenceID=1735231
   33. Lahm, K. (2009). Educational participation and inmate misconduct. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 48(1), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509670802572235
   34. Langat, K.C. (2016). Effects of farming rehabilitation programmes on short term offenders serving in Shikusa farm prison in Kakamega County, Kenya. International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences, 3(3), 65-80. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304714950_Effects_of_Farming_Rehabilitation_Programmes_on_Short_Term_Offenders_Serving_in_Shikusa_Farm_Prison_in_Kakamega_County_Kenya
   35. Lee, A.Y., Kim, S.Y., Known, H.J., & Park, S.A. (2020). Horticultural therapy program for mental health of inmates: Case report. Integrative Medicine Research, 10(2), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2020.100495
   36. Lee, S.M., Suh, J.K., & Lee, S. (2008). Horticultural therapy in a jail: Correctional care for anger. Acta Horticulturae, 790(790), 109-113. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.790.14
   37. Leonardi R.J., Buchanan-Smith H.M., McIvor G., & Vick, S-J. (2017). You think you’re helping them, but they’re helping you too”: Experiences of Scottish Male Young Offenders Participating in a Dog Training Program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080945
   38. Listiana, A. P., & Hastjarjo, S. (2021). Urban farming: implementation of prisoner guidance in an effort to support food security towards Rutan Boyolali productive. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 905, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012008
   39. Liu, S., Wu, X., & Yuan, J. (2023). The impact of growth environment on individual crime behavior. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 22, 408-414. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v22i.12489
   40. MacKenzie, D.L. (2006). What works in corrections: reducing the criminal activities of offenders and delinquents. Cambridge University Press, 251. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511499470
   41. Mattson, R.H., Kim, E., Marlowe, G.E., & Nicholson, J.D. (2004). Horticultural therapy improves vocational skills, self-esteem, and environmental awareness of criminal offenders in a community corrections setting. HortScience: a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 39(4), 837D-837. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.39.4.837D
   42. Mburu, H., & Gathitu, C. (2022). Effect of prison programs on rehabilitation of inmates in County, Kenya. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 6(10), 489-495. https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v6y2022i10p489-495.html
   43. Mims, D., Waddell, R., & Holton, J. (2017). Inmate perceptions: The impact of a prison animal training program background, Environmental and Sociology Psychology, 5(2):1-4.
   44. Miriti, G.M., & Kimani, M.W. (2017). Analysis of prisons Rehabilitation programs on behaviour reformation of offenders in kenya: a cause study of Kisumu main prison, European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 6(6), 59-85. https://www.ijsac.net/sites/default/files/2019-12/4.11.5.pdf
   45. Mitra, P., & Agarwal, Sh. (2016). Age or marital status and mental well-being of female inmates inhabitant of Lucknow Jail. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(175), 2348-5396. https://doi.org/10.25215/0401.075
   46. Moloko, H.B., Ng’ong’ola, D.H., & Kamkwamba, H. (2018). The importance of prison farms: Evidence from Malawi’s prisons. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 7(3), 9-20. https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v7n3p9
   47. O'Connor, T.P., & Perreyclear, M. (2002). Prison religion in action and its influence on offender rehabilitation. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 35(3-4), 11-33. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/I0.1300/J076v35n0302e
   48. Omoni, G.E., & Ijeh, Sh.U. (2009). Gualitative education for inmates: a panacea to effective rehabilitation and integration into the society. Edo Journal of Counselling, 2(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejc.v2i1.52651
   49. Oshinsky, D.M. (1996). Worse than slavery: Parchman Farm and the ordeal of Jim Crow justice, New York, Free Press. https://www.amazon.com/Worse-than-Slavery-Parchman-Justice/dp/0684830957
   50. Uddin, I., Mbadiwe Igbokwe, E., & Olatunji Olaolu, M. (2019). Prison Farm Inmates’ Reformation and Rehabilitation: the Nigerian Experience. Criminology & Social Integration, 27(2), 204–220. https://doi.org/10.31299/ksi.27.2.3
   51. Richards, HJ., & Kafami, D.M. (1999), Impact of horticultural therapy on vulnerability and resistance to substance abuse among incarcerated offenders. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 29, 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1300/J076v29n03_11
   52. Robinson, M.L., & O'Callaghan, A.M. (2008). Expanding Horticultural Training into the Prison Population. Journal of Extension, 46(4), 1-4. https://archives.joe.org/joe/2008august/iw4.php
   53. Ross, M. (2011). Pedagogy for Inmates: An Approach to Peer Health Education for Inmates. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 17(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345810378251
   54. Sachitra, V., & Wijewardhana, N. (2020). The road to develop inmates’ skills and attitudes: an analytical study of contemporary prison-based rehabilitation programme in Sri Lanka. Safer Communities ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print), 19(1), 15-34. https://doi.org/10.1108/SC-01-2019-0002
   55. Strimple, E.O. (2003). A history of prison inmate-animal interaction programs. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(1), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203255212
   56. Tett, L., Anderson, K., McNeill, F., Overy, K., & Sparks, R. (2012). Learning, rehabilitation and the arts in prisons: a Scottish case study. Studies in the Education of Adults, 44(2), 171-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2012.11661631
   57. Timler, K., Brown, H., & Varcoe, C. (2019). Growing connection beyond prison walls: How a prison garden fosters rehabilitation and healing for incarcerated men. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 58(4), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2019.1615598
   58. Turner, W.G. (2007). The experiences of offenders in a prison canine program. Federal Probation, 71(1), 38-43. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279705696_The_experience_of_offenders_in_a_prison_canine_program.
   59. Van der Linden, S. (2015). Green prison programmes, recidivism and mental health. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 25(2), 338–342. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.1953
   60. Vandala, N.G. (2019).The transformative effect of correctional education: A global perspective. Cogent Social Sciences, 5(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1677122
   61. Weber, S.R., Hayes, M.P. & Webb, T, & LeRoy, C.J. (2015). Environmental education in prison: a comparison of teaching methods and their influence on inmate attitudes and knowledge of environmental topics. Interdisciplinary Environmental Review, 16(2/3/4), 267-283. https://doi.org/10.1504/IER.2015.071026
   62. Wormith, J., Richard, A., Simpson, Mark., Lorraine, R. Reitzel, Fagan, Thomas J., & Robert, D. Morgan. (2007). The rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders: the current landscape andsome future directions for correctional psychology. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(7), 879-892: Oxford University Press, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854807301552
   63. Zautorova, E.V. (2019). Ecological education of convicts in prison. https://doi.org/10.46741/2076-4162-2019-13-2-289-294
   64. Zelenski, J.M., Dopko, R.L., Capaldi, CA. (2015). Cooperation is in our nature: Nature exposure may promote cooperative and environmentally sustainable behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42, 24–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.01.005
   65. Zivanai, E., & Mahlangu, G. (2022). Digital prison rehabilitation and successful re-entry into a digital society: A systematic literature review on the new reality on prison rehabilitation. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2116809