تأثیر بیوچار و کربن فعال حاصل از ضایعات آلی بر غیرمتحرک کردن فلزات سنگین (سرب، روی و کادمیوم) و رشد گیاه ذرت در خاک آلوده

آب و خاک

دوره 38، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 97، آذر و دی 1403، صفحه 627-607   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2024.89325.1426

نویسندگان

محمد ماله میر چگینی^* ؛ احمد گلچین

گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

فلزات سنگین آلاینده‌های پایدار خاک هستند که سلامت محیط­زیست و انسان را به خطر می‌اندازند. استفاده از مواد اصلاح کننده خاک مانند بیوچار و کربن فعال به‌عنوان روشی مؤثر برای کاهش تحرک فلزات سنگین در خاک مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه، اثر ضایعات آلی (کاه و کلش گندم، پوست سخت گردو و بادام کاغذی)، بیوچار و کربن فعال تولید شده از آن­ها بر غیرمتحرک کردن فلزات سنگین سرب، روی و کادمیوم و رشد گیاه ذرت در خاک آلوده در شرایط گلخانه‌ای بررسی شد. بیوچارها در دو دمای ۳۰۰ و ۵۰۰ درجه سلسیوس تولید و سپس با اسید فسفریک فعال و تیمارهای آزمایش در چهار سطح (0، 5/2، 5 و 10 درصد وزنی) و در سه تکرار به یک خاک آلوده اضافه شدند. نتایج نشان داد ضایعات آلی، بیوچارها و کربن‌های فعال، غلظت فلزات سنگین قابل­دسترس در خاک را در سطح احتمال 5 درصد به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش دادند. کربن‌های فعال بیشترین و ضایعات آلی کمترین اثر را داشتند. کمترین غلظت فلزات سرب، کادمیوم و روی قابل عصاره­گیری با DTPA مربوط به تیمار کربن فعال ۵۰۰ درجه سلسیوس حاصل از بیوچار کاه و کلش گندم 500 درجه سلسیوس و سطح مصرف ۱۰ درصد به­ترتیب با مقادیر 6/1، 5/4 و 464 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم خاک بود که به­ترتیب 46/99، 67/83 و 96/63 درصد غلظت فلزات سنگین قابل جذب را نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش دادند. کمترین غلظت فلزات سنگین در بخش هوایی و ریشه گیاه ذرت مربوط به همین تیمار و سطح مصرف بود. کمترین غلظت سرب، روی و کادمیوم در بخش هوایی به­ترتیب 67/71، 67/490 و 67/1 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم و در بخش ریشه به­ترتیب ۲۰۶، ۱۰۹۵ و ۲۰ میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک گیاهی بود. بیشترین وزن خشک بخش هوایی و ریشه در همین تیمار و سطح مصرف 5 درصد به­ترتیب با مقادیر 76/5 و 84/1 گرم در گلدان مشاهده شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد بکار­گیری کربن فعال می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک روش کارآمد و پایدار برای پاکسازی خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین و افزایش رشد گیاهان در نظر گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسید فسفریک؛ بیوچار؛ جذب؛ فراهمی؛ گروه‌های عاملی سطحی

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