اثر کم‌آبیاری و کم‌آبیاری تنظیم شده بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب در گیاه هندوانه

آب و خاک

دوره 38، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 97، آذر و دی 1403، صفحه 590-575   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2024.89774.1436

نویسندگان

نادیا بهره مند¹؛ حسین آروئی^{* 1}؛ احمد آئین²

¹گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، جیرفت، ایران

چکیده

شناسایی استراتژی‌های آبیاری کارآمد و اثر آن‌ها بر عملکرد گیاه و بهره‌وری آب موضوع درخور توجهی می‌باشد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش تعیین اثر کم‌آبیاری و کم‌آبیاری تنظیم شده بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب در گیاه هندوانه بود که با آزمایشی به‌صورت بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 8 تیمار شامل سه سطح آبیاری 100، 70 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (تبخیر و تعرق) و 5 سطح آبیاری تنظیم شده شامل 50 درصد نیاز آبی مراحل گیاهچه، ساقه‌دهی، گلدهی، توسعه میوه و بلوغ میوه با سه تکرار، تحت خاکپوش پلاستیک سیاه، طی سال‌های 1401-1399 در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان انجام شد. سال نخست، عمق کل آب آبیاری در تیمارهای فوق‌الذکر به‌ترتیب 444، 321، 237، 413، 389، 435، 345 و 425 و سال دوم 427، 303، 223، 395، 373، 416، 331 و 405 میلی‌متر بود. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد (به‌ترتیب 1/60 و 3/16 تن در هکتار) در تیمارهای آبیاری کامل و آبیاری 50 درصد مشاهده شد، در بین تیمارهای کم‌آبیاری تنظیم شده، آبیاری 50 درصد مرحله گیاهچه، نزدیک‌ترین تیمار به آبیاری کامل و آبیاری 50 درصد مرحله توسعه میوه کمترین عملکرد را داشت. بیشترین مقادیر بهره‌وری آب، به آبیاری 50 درصد مراحل ساقه‌دهی و گیاهچه (به‌ترتیب 9/15 و 1/15 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) تعلق داشت. آبیاری 50 درصد مرحله بلوغ میوه برخلاف آبیاری 50 درصد، سبب بهبود ویژگی‌های کیفی نظیر مواد جامد محلول، ویتامین ث، ماده خشک، لیکوپن و مزه میوه شد. بطور کلی کم‌آبیاری تنظیم شده نسبت به کم‌آبیاری بدلیل کاهش عملکرد کمتر، افزایش بهره‌وری آب و کیفیت میوه در هندوانه نتایج مطلوب‌تری داشت که در مواجه با محدودیت آب می‌تواند قابل‌توجه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

لیکوپن؛ مراحل رشد؛ نیاز آبی؛ ویتامین ث

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