Hydrogeochemical evolution in aquifer of Iranshahr plain

مهندسی عمران فردوسی

Article 3, Volume 37, Issue 4 - Serial Number 48, December 2024, Pages 35-48   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/jfcei.2024.89496.1318

Authors

Reza Jahanshahi^{* 1}; Masoomeh Navardi²; Naser Asadi²; Mohammad Reza Mirbalouchzehi³

¹School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran

²Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.

³Sistan and Baluchestan Water and Wastwater Co., Iran.

Abstract

This research investigated the hydrochemistry and quality of the groundwater resources in the Iranshahr plain, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, South East of Iran. Major ions, electrical conductivity and pH of groundwater have been studied in 27 points of deep, semi-deep wells and qanats in the study area. According to the results, the topographic height of the plain decreased from east to west and the direction of ground water flow was from east to west too (almost parallel to direction of the seasonal river in the study area). The lag time between rainfall and water table showed that around of Iranshahr and Bampur cities and observation wells far from river were increased. In the of plain groundwater extraction amount in the downstream of plain was more than upstream. There were three types of Na-Cl, Na-HCO3, and Na-SO4 in the groundwater of study area. The amount of EC increased from about 649 to 7047 µS/cm from east to west of plain, while the pH decreases in this direction. Simultaneously with the decrease in the level of ground water due to extraction from the aquifer, the process of increasing the electrical conductivity and decreasing the quality of the groundwater had happened. Most of the groundwater samples in the study area were supersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite (tend to precipitate), while they were undersaturated with respect to anhydrite, gypsum, and halite (tend to dissolution). Generally, geology setting and groundwater are factors effecting the quality groundwater.

Keywords

Groundwater; Hydrochemistry; Lag time; Mineral saturation index

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