اثر قارچ‌های اندوفیت جداشده از گیاهان خانواده کنوپودیاسه بر خصوصیات رشدی و افزایش جذب فسفر گیاه جو (Hordeum vulgare)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 1، دوره 22، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 76، دی 1403، صفحه 359-371   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2024.86058.1289

نویسندگان

علی صادقی¹؛ محمد فارسی^{* 2}؛ پریسا طاهری³؛ علی اکبر صفری سنجانی⁴

¹دانشجوی دکترا، گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به‌نژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به‌نژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

³گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

⁴گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

قارچ‌های اندوفیت موجب افزایش سطح تماس ریشه‎ها و باعث جذب بیشتر عناصر معدنی به‌طور ویژه عناصر کم‌تحرک مانند فسفر می‌شوند که در نتیجه، رشد گیاه را بهبود می‌دهند. در این پژوهش، هفت جدایه‌ قارچی اندوفیت جداشده از گیاهان خانواده اسفناج (Salsola crassa،Suaeda aegyptica ،Cornulaca leucacantha ،Anabasis setifera ،Salsola arbuscula  و Chenopodium album) در دو بخش جوانه‌زنی در آزمایشگاه و کاشت در گلدان در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی در سال 1402 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی  برای اثر‌بخشی بر گیاه جو (Hordeum vulgare) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سرعت جوانه‌زنی، درصد جوانه‌زنی، ارزش جوانه‌زنی و بنیه بذر در بخش جوانه‌زنی و مساحت برگ، کلروفیل، میزان فسفر شاخساره، وزن خشک و درصد کلونیزه شدن ریشه گیاه با قارچ‌های اندوفیت در بخش گلدانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. درصد کلونیزه شدن ریشه توسط تمام قارچ‌ها به‌جز Alternaria alternaria (19.60 درصد) بالای30 درصد بود. تیمار تلقیح ریشه گیاه با قارچ Aspergillus terreus توانست سرعت جوانه‌زنی (2.95 بذر در روز)، درصد جوانه‌زنی (95 درصد)، ارزش جوانه‌زنی (3.73) و بنیه بذر (13.65) را به‌طور معنی‌دار نسبت به شاهد و دیگر تیمارها افزایش دهد (P≤0.05). علاوه‌براین، در بخش صفات رشدی گیاه، تیمار تلقیح با A. terreus توانست درصد فسفر برگ (0.516 درصد)، مساحت برگ (m² 9.79)، کلروفیل a و  bو وزن خشک شاخساره (mg g^-16.40) را به‌طور معنی داری نسبت به دیگر تیمارهای قارچی افزایش دهد (P≤0.05). با توجه به بهبود صفات جوانه‌زنی و رشدی گیاه توسط تیمار با A. terreus، این قارچ می‌تواند گزینه مناسبی برای فرمولاسیون و تولید کود زیستی ‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اندوفیت قارچی؛ آسپرژیلوس؛ خصوصیات رشدی؛ جذب فسفر؛ شاخص جوانه‌زنی

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