Investigation of Methanolic Sodium Nanosilicate and Glycine on Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

Article 3, Volume 22, Issue 4 - Serial Number 76, January 2025, Pages 385-399   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jcesc.2024.86567.1303

Authors

H Rezaei¹; F Paknejad^{* 1}; M. N Ilkaei¹; D Habibi¹; M Sadeghi Shoa²

¹Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

²Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Sugar beet is one of the most important industrial plants cultivated under diverse weather conditions. Nutrition management plays an important role in the yield and quality of sugar beet. Nowadays, foliar spraying of nano fertilizers is an effective method of agricultural products. Methanol foliar spraying reduces photorespiration, also increases carbon dioxide and ultimately improves photosynthesis of plants. The application of glycine protects plant cells by regulating osmosis, stabilizing proteins, protecting the photosynthetic apparatus, and reducing reactive oxygen species. There is not enough studies about the effect of methanolic sodium nanosilicate on plants, especially under different weather conditions. Therefore, regarding the application of methanol, especially methanolic sodium nanosilicate, and the effect of glycine on plant yield, the present study was conducted to investigate the foliar application of methanol and glycine and their interaction effect, also introduce the best level of application of foliar application on the yield and quality of sugar beet in two regions with different weather conditions.
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted in the 2018-2019 cropping year as a factorial randomized complete block design with three replicates at the research field of the Karaj and Qom two different climate locations. Karaj is a cold and mountainous region with mild summer and Qom is a dry and desert region with hot and dry summer. Treatments were 6 levels of methanol (0 (no use), 15 and 30% v v^-1, 5, 10 and 15 % v v^-1 methanolic sodium nanosilicate) as well as 3 levels of glycine amino acid (0 (no use), 2 and 4 g l^-1). Sugar beet yield and quality were measured. Foliar spraying was done 3 times during the plant growth season with 14 day intervals on the aerial parts of the sugar beet plant and the control plots were sprayed with water. Data were analyzed using SAS (Ver. 9.4) software and the means were separated by the Duncan test at a 5% probability level.
Results and Discussion
The results demonstrated that sugar beet yield and quality in the Karaj region were better than in Qom. Spraying methanol and also glycine increased the yield and quality of sugar beet compared to the control (no application). The application of 15% methanolic sodium nanosilicate improved the quality and yield of sugar beet compared to 30% methanol. The consumption of methanolic sodium nanosilicate 15% v v^-1+ glycine 4 g l^-1 increased the yield of root dry matter 65% and the yield of white sugar 50% compared to the control. Methanol is a source of carbon and glycine improved plant growth by increasing carbon efficiency. Also, with the increase of auxin hormone, it has produced more sugar substances and expanded the transfer of sucrose from the aerial parts to the roots. Therefore, the sugar percentage increased and the root impurities decreased. Among the methanol treatments, increasing the concentration of methanol up to 30% v.v^-1 not only did not improve the quality of sugar beet, but also reduced the quality and yield compared to methanolic sodium nanosilicate 15% v.v^-1. Methanolic sodium nanosilicate treatment of 15% v.v^-1 was much more effective than other treatments. Thus the yield of this treatment was better than the 30% v.v^-1 treatment. Because nano technology has provided suitable conditions for plant growth due to its high potential and better absorption by plants. In addition to nutrition, sugar beet production is greatly influenced by weather and environmental conditions. Sugar beet cultivation in Karaj was more satisfactory than in Qom, which can be said to be due to the presence of more soil organic matter, as well as more suitable weather conditions, especially at the end of the growing period in the Karaj region.
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, spraying methanolic sodium nanosilicate 15% v v^-1 and glycine 4 g l^-1 were recommended to improve the yield and quality of sugar beet in climatic conditions similar to the Karaj region.

Keywords

Alkalinity coefficient; Root dry matter yield; Root impurities; Sugar percentage; White sugar yield

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