The Effect of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality Characteristics of Autumn Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivars in Gonbad Kavous

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

Article 5, Volume 22, Issue 4 - Serial Number 76, January 2025, Pages 419-439   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jcesc.2024.87077.1311

Authors

E Paserakloo¹; A Biabani^{* 2}; S Yarahamdi³; A Saberi³; M Naeemi⁴; F Taliei⁴

¹Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran

²Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran

³Horticulture-Crops Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran

⁴Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Recourses, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
In many countries of the world, sugar production is one of the essential aspects of their agricultural economy, and in the meantime, the sugar beet plant, which is cultivated exclusively as a source of sucrose, plays an important role. In recent years, many studies have been conducted in Iran on various aspects of crop, breed, quality and other agricultural characteristics of autumn sugar beet. The results of this research confirm that sugar beet can be introduced as an important and effective autumn crop in the susceptible periodic system. One of the important factors in sugar beet root production is the sowing date, which affects the duration of the vegetative and reproductive growth period and the balance between them, and ultimately affects its quantitative and qualitative yield, so one of the general policies of the agricultural sector is to increase the production of this product. Several factors affect the formation of sugar beet yield. One of them is the bolting phenomenon. Flower formation is a phenomenon that in the sugar beet plant, it is known as bolting. In bolting root yield and root quality of flowering plants are reduced. The cultivars differ in bolting response. The genotype is important factor in Occurrence of the bolting phenomenon. Also, bolting rate between sowing dates is different.
Materials and Methods
The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality and strength changes in the sugar beet in order to assess effect of different sowing dates and cultivars on sugar and root yield. To investigate the effect of planting date on yield, a field trial was conducted during 2021-2022 in Gonbad Kavous. The experiment followed a split-plot arrangement with three cultivars and three replications- Iran. The experimental treatments were sowing dates and cultivars. Sowing date was the main factor and varied as follows: 4 October (D1), 18 October (D2), 3 November (D3), 19 November (D4), and 1 December (D5) and cultivars: Monatunno (C1), Rosagold (C2), 061 (C3) as sub-plot was considered. The origin of cultivars Monatunno, Rosagold and SBSI 061 is Kuhn & Co, Hilleshog and SBSI, respectively, also all cultivars are monogerm and bolting resistance with high yield potential. In analysis of traits first, the data were tested for normal distribution and variance homogeneity. A variance uniformity test was performed using the Bartlett's test (Arsham and Lovric, 2011). Statistical analysis was carried out with Statistical Analysis Software (SAS Institute Inc., Version 9.4). The means were compared with least significant difference test at the 5% level. Correlation test and Biplot analysis performed with XLSTAT. Ver. 2016.
Results and Discussion
The results of the research showed that the yield was affected by the planting date and variety. Monatono and Rosagold cultivars had the highest sugar yield on the first and second planting dates, because timely cultivation by absorbing maximum solar radiation leads to an increase in yield.
Conclusion
Comparison of the experimental treatment averages revealed that all cultivars achieved the highest sugar yield on the first and second planting dates. Timely planting optimizes the vegetative and reproductive growth periods, allowing maximum sunlight absorption, which in turn enhances root and sugar yield. Based on the findings and the analysis of quality trait changes, it is recommended that beet growers in Golestan Province cultivate the Rosagold and Monatuno cultivars during the first two planting dates to achieve maximum sugar yield per unit area.

Keywords

Sugar beet; Production efficiency; Solar radiation; Sowing date; Yield

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