بررسی مقایسه‌ای کارایی انرژی دو سامانه آبیاری بارانی در کشت گندم (مطالعه موردی: دشت‌های دهگلان، استان کردستان)

آب و خاک

دوره 38، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 98، بهمن و اسفند 1403، صفحه 697-683   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2025.90134.1439

نویسندگان

پیمان طهماسبی^{* 1}؛ فاطمه دالوند¹؛ سید ابولفضل حسینی¹؛ بختیار کریمی²؛ هیرش قدرشناس³

¹گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران

²گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

³منابع آب، سازمان آب منطقه‌ای استان کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

تولیدات محصولات کشاورزی به انرژی ورودی و خروجی مزارع بستگی دارد. به این خاطر استفاده کارا از منابع انرژی مصرف‌شده در تولید محصولات کشاورزی، یکی از مؤلفه‌های اصلی کشاورزی پایدار به­شمار می‌رود. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی الگو انرژی مصرفی محصول گندم در دو سامانه آبیاری بارانی کلاسیک ثابت آبپاش- متحرک (سامانه 1) و ویلموو (سامانه 2)، است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز، شامل کل نهاده­های ورودی (مصرفی) ساعات کارکرد ماشین­ها و نیروی انسانی به­صورت کاملاً تصادفی در 50 مزرعه انتخابی در قالب پرسشنامه از کشاورزان در دشت شهرستان دهگلان در طول فصل زراعی 1400-1401 استخراج شد. در پایان فصل آبی، میزان برق مصرفی مزارع در واحد هکتار از شرکت برق منطقه­ای شهرستان مذکور، دریافت شد. مقدار کل انرژی­های ورودی در سامانه (1) و (2) به‌ترتیب 04/69189 و 97/85943 مگاژول در هکتار محاسبه گردید. مقدار انرژی خروجی در دو سامانه (1) و (2) به‌ترتیب 110700 و 150100 مگاژول در هکتار به­دست آمد. بر این اساس مقادیر شاخص کارائی انرژی مصرفی در دو سامانه (1) و (2) به‌ترتیب 60/1 و 75/1 محاسبه گردید. سهم انرژی مستقیم در دو سامانه (1) و (2) 23/13933 و 73/17678 مگاژول در هکتار و همچنین سهم انرژی­های تجدیدپذیر که یکی از معیارهای پایداری بوم نظامی کشاورزی است، در سامانه (1) و (2) به‌ترتیب 68/5209 و 58/4929 مگاژول در هکتار برآورد گردید. در کل با توجه به نتایج در دشت­های شهرستان دهگلان به لحاظ جنبه­های مصرف انرژی به‌نظر می­رسد سامانه آبیاری بارانی کلاسیک ثابت- آبپاش متحرک کاراتر از سامانه آبیاری بارانی ویلموو می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انرژی ورودی؛ سامانه آبیاری؛ برق مصرفی؛ ویلموو؛ عملکرد

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