Mystical Theology of Rāz Shīrāzī

جستارهایی در فلسفه و کلام

Volume 57, Issue 1 - Serial Number 114, May 2025, Pages 133-160   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/epk.2025.88522.1347

Authors

Roya Rezamanesh¹; Ali Ashraf Imami^{* 2}; Mohammad Javad Shams³; Fayyaz Gharaei⁴

¹phd student of the Department of Religions and Comparative Mysticism, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad

²Associate Professer.Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad.(corresponding author)

³Associate Professer.Imam Khomeini International University.

⁴Associate Professer.Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad.

Abstract

In this essay, the theology of Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim Rāz Shīrāzī, a Shiite mystic (1286 AH), has been examined in a descriptive-analytical manner. He has considered the basis of religion, especially Islam and Shi‘a, to be the authority of Imam Ali (P.B.U.H), and in his works, he has, in a special and unique way, dealt with the relationship between the Muhammadan truth and authority. In his view, in the presence of the Unicity, no root or branch of religion is accepted from the worshipers without establishing the foundation of authority. Rāz has also referred to mystical theology in the threefold structure of religion, and with the support of Shiite hadiths and relying on the concept of the "pillar" of religion, that is, the absolute divine authority, while highlighting the fourth element, namely truth as the essence of religion, he has considered achieving the state of beneficence (iḥsān), not only in Islam, but also in all previous religions, to be conditional on accepting the reality of Muhammad and Ali. From his perspective, it appears that the Infallible Imams (P.B.U.T.) represent the truth of religion in all centuries and eras.

Keywords

Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim Rāz Shīrāzī; theology; authority (wilāyat); perfect man

References

Transliterated  Bibliography

Āmulī, Sayyid Ḥydar. Jāmiʿ al-Asrār va Manbaʿ al-Anwār. Ed. Henry Corbin. Tehran: Markaz Intishārāt-i ʻIlmī va Farhangī Vābastih bi Vizārat-i Farhang va Āmūzish ʿĀlī, 1989/1368.

Baqlī Shīrāzī, Rūzbihān. ʻArāyis al-Bayān fī Tafsīr-i al-Qurān. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyya.  2009/1430.

Barqī, Abū Jaʻfar. al-Maḥsin. Tehran:  Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya. 1992/1370.

Dihkhudā, ʻAlī Akbar. Lughat Nāmih. Tehran: Sāzimān Lughat Nāmih Dihkhudā, 1995/1373.

Ḥillī, Ḥasan ibn Yūsuf. Kashf al-Yaqīn fī Faḍāʾil Amīr al-Muʾminīn. Tehran: Vizārat al-Thaqāfa wa al-Irshād al-Islāmī, 1991/1411.

Ḥurr ʻĀmilī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Wasāʾil al-Shīʻa . Qum: Mūʾassisa Āl al-Bayt, 1989/1409.

Ḥūwayzī, ʻAbd ʻAlī ibn Jumʻah. Tafsīr Nūr al-Thaqalayn. Qum: Ismāʻīlīyān. 1992/1412.

Ibn Abī Jumhūr. Muḥammad ibn Zayn al-Dīn. ʿAwālī al-Laʾālī al-ʿAzīzīyah fī Aḥādīth al-Dīnīyah. Qum: Sayyid al-Shuhadā, 1983/1403.

Ibn ʻArabī. Muḥyī al-Dīn. Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam. S.l.: Intishārāt-i al-Zahrāʾ, 1951/1370.

Ibn Fahd Ḥillī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. ʿUdda al-Dāʿī. Qum: Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmī. 1987/1407.

Ibn Shahrāshūb al-Sarawī al-Māzandarānī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī. al-Manāqib. Qum: Ṭabāṭabāyī, Ṣuḥufī, 2000/1379.

Imam Sadiq(AS). Miṣbāḥ al-Sharīʻa wa Miftāḥ al-Ḥaqīqa: dar Tazkīyah Nafs va Ḥaqāyq va Maʿārifāhī Mansūb bi Jaʻfar  ibn Muḥammad Sadiq (AS). Tehran: Anjuman Islāmī Ḥikmat va Falsafah-yi Irān, 1982/1360.

Iṣbahānī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd Allāh. Ḥilya al-Awlīyāʾ wa Ṭabaqāt al-Aṣfīyāʾ. Egypt: al-Saʿāda. 1974/1394.

Kāshānī, Mulā Fatḥ Allāh. Zubda al-Tafāsīr. Qum: Bunyād-i Maʻārif Islāmī. 2002/1423.

Khāvarī, Asad Allāh. Zahabīyah. Tehran: University of Tehran, 1983/1362.

Kūfī, Furāt ibn Ibrāhīm. Tafsīr Furāt al-Kūfī. Qum: Maktaba al-Dāwarī, s.d.

Kūfī, Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān. Manāqib al-Imām Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlī  ibn Abī Ṭālib (AS). Qum: Majmaʿ Iḥyāʾy Farhang-i Islāmī,  2002/1423.

Kulīnī, Ibī Jaʻfar. al-Kāfī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1987/1365.

Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir. Biḥār al-Anwār. Beirut: Mūʾassisa al-wafāʾ. 1984/1404.

Nayrīzī, Sayyid Quṭb al-Dīn Muḥammad. Mīzān al-Ṣawāb dar Sharḥ Faṣl al-Khiṭāb. Ed. Muḥammad Khvājavī. Tehran: Mawlā, 2007/1385.

Qayṣarī, Dāwud. Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam. Tehran: Shirkat-i   Intishārāt-i ʿIlmī va Farhangī, 1997/1375.

Ṣafār, Muḥammad Ḥasan. Baṣāiʾr al-Darajāt fī Faḍāʾil Al Muḥammad)pbuh(. Iran: Maktaba Āyat Allāh al-ʿUẓmā al-Marʻashī al-Najafī, 1984/1404.

Shaykh Ṣadūq, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī. ʻUyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā(AS). Translated by Ḥamīd Riżā Mustafīd va ʻAlī Akbar Ghafārī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya. 1996/1374.

Shaykh Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. al-Amālī. Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-ʻArabī, 1998/1377.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Asrār al-Wilāyah. Chāp Sangī, 1929/1348.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Aswilah Ithnā ʻAshar. Chāp Sangī, 1901/1319.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Āyāt al-Wilāyah. Chāp Sangī, 1944/1323.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Barāhīn al-Imāmah. Tabrīz: Chāpkhānah-yi Riżāyī, 1955/1333.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Kawsarnāmah. Shīrāz: Khānqāh Aḥmadī, 1994/1372.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Malakūt al-Maʿrifah fī Asrār  Wilāyah (Maʿālim al-Taʾwīl wa al-Bayān fī Sharḥ Asrār Khuṭbah al-Bayān). Chāp Sangī, 1864/1381.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Manāhij Anwār al-Maʿrifah (dar Sharḥ  Miṣbāḥ al-Sharīʻah va Miftāḥ  al-Ḥaqīqah min Kalām Jaʻfar al-Sadiq). Tehran: Khānqāh Aḥmadī, 1984/1363.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Manāsik al-ʻĀshiqīn. Chāp Sangī, 1883/1301.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Marātib Sabʻah Qalb. Chāp Sangī, 1824/1240.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Mirʾāt al-ʻĀrifīn. Chāp Sangī, 1884/1302.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Mirṣād al-ʻIbād. Chāp Sangī, 1892/1310.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Qawāʾim al-Anwār wa Ṭawāliʻ al-Asrār. ed. Khiyr Allāḥ Maḥmūdī. Shīrāz: Daryāy Nūr, 2005/1383.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Risālah Nūr ʻalā Nūr. Tarjamah va Taʿlīq Muḥammad Khvājavī. Shīrāz: Daryāy Nūr, 1967/1387.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Risālah Qunūtīyah. Chāp Sangī, 1929/1348.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Ṭabāshīr al-Ḥikmah. Shīrāz: Khānqāh Aḥmadī, 1973/1352.

Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Abū al-Qāsim. Zād al-Musāfirīn (Minhāj al-Sālikīn). Tarjamah va Sharḥ Khiyr Allāḥ Maḥmūdī. Shīrāz: Daryāy Nūr, 1966/1386.

Ṭabāṭabāyī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Tafsīr al-Mīzān. translated by Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir Mūsavī Hamadānī. Qum: Daftar Intishārāt-i Jāmiʿah-yi Mudarrisīn Ḥawzah-yi ʻIlmīyah Qum, 1996/1374.

Tilimsānī, ʻAfīf al-Dīn. Sharḥ  Mawāqif Niffarī. Cairo:al- Hiyʾat al-Miṣrīya al-ʻĀmma li-l-Kitāb Idārah al