Eremurus spectabilis Root Extract: Evaluating Different Extraction Methods and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Characteristics

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 30 دی 1403   

نوع مقاله: Research Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijvst.2025.88938.1396

نویسندگان

Elham Merrikhi Ardebili¹؛ Abdollah Jamshidi^{* 1}؛ Razieh Niazmand²

¹Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

²Department of Food Chemistry, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده

The current study aimed to investigate the potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Eremurus spectabilis (E. spectabilis) in three extraction techniques. Three methods were selected to extract the aqueous, alcoholic, and hydroalcoholic extracts of E. spectabilis. The extraction yield was obtained from 10 g of E. spectabilis powder. The carbohydrate test was performed using the phenol sulfuric acid method. The Kjeldahl method was used in two replicates based on the AOAC 2550 standard to determine the protein content. The concentration of phenolic compounds was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Based on the results, E. spectabilis had 70.33% w/w carbohydrates and 7.1% w/w proteins. The extraction percentages for the aqueous, alcoholic, and hydroalcoholic extracts of E. spectabilis were 50%, 10%, and 25%, respectively. The results showed that the aqueous extraction method was the most efficient. The total phenol amount for E. spectabilis aqueous extract was 150.04 mg/g. The antioxidant property of the E. spectabilis aqueous extract was determined to be 50.71%  None of the concentrations of the aqueous extract did not have antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These findings demonstrates the need for further studies on other pathogens and using different concentrations.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Antimicrobial؛ Antioxidant؛ Eremurus spectabilis, Hydroalcoholic extraction؛ Alcoholic extraction

سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله

2-1396-persian abs-F.pdf

مراجع

1.    Ghaniei A, Ghafouri SA, Sadr S, Hassanbeigi N. Investigating the preventive effect of herbal medicine (Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, and Quercus infectoria) against coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Journal of World's Poultry Research. 2023;13(1):96-102. Doi:10.36380/jwpr.2023.10.
2.    Sadr S, Simab PA, Kasaei M, Landi MG, Borji H, Adhami G. Potential of anthelmintic herbal drugs against gastrointestinal nematodes in farm animals: A review. Farm Animal Health and Nutrition. 2022;1(1):26-30. Doi:10.58803/fahn.v1i1.9.
3.    Li S, Jiang S, Jia W, Guo T, Wang F, Li J, et al. Natural antimicrobials from plants: Recent advances and future prospects. Food Chemistry. 2024;432:137231. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137231.
4.    Lucera A, Costa C, Conte A, Del Nobile MA. Food applications of natural antimicrobial compounds. Frontiers in microbiology. 2012;3:287. Doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00287.
5.    Radulovic N, Blagojevic P, Stojanovic-Radic Z, Stojanovic N. Antimicrobial plant metabolites: structural diversity and mechanism of action. Current medicinal chemistry. 2013;20(7):932-52. Doi:10.2174/0929867311320070008.
6.    Savoia D. Plant-derived antimicrobial compounds: alternatives to antibiotics. Future microbiology. 2012;7(8):979-90. Doi:10.2217/fmb.12.68.
7.    Von Nussbaum F, Brands M, Hinzen B, Weigand S, Häbich D. Antibacterial natural products in medicinal chemistry—exodus or revival? Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2006;45(31):5072-129. Doi:10.1002/anie.200600350.
8.    Beyth N, Houri-Haddad Y, Domb A, Khan W, Hazan R. Alternative antimicrobial approach: nano‐antimicrobial materials. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015;2015(1):246012. Doi;10.1155/2015/246012.
9.    Khursheed A, Rather MA, Jain V, Rasool S, Nazir R, Malik NA, et al. Plant based natural products as potential ecofriendly and safer biopesticides: A comprehensive overview of their advantages over conventional pesticides, limitations and regulatory aspects. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2022;173:105854. Doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105854.
10.    Hussain Y, Alam W, Ullah H, Dacrema M, Daglia M, Khan H, et al. Antimicrobial potential of curcumin: therapeutic potential and challenges to clinical applications. Antibiotics. 2022;11(3):322. Doi:10.3390/antibiotics11030322.
11.    Davidson PM, Taylor TM, Schmidt SE. Chemical preservatives and natural antimicrobial compounds. Food microbiology: fundamentals and frontiers. 2012;765-801. Doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30.
12.    Gaggeri R, Rossi D, Mahmood K, Gozzini D, Mannucci B, Corana F, et al. Towards elucidating Eremurus root remedy: Chemical profiling and preliminary biological investigations of Eremurus persicus and Eremurus spectabilis root ethanolic extracts. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2015;9(41):1038-48. Doi:10.5897/JMPR2015.5873.
13.    Farhadi F, Avan R, Sahebkar A, Eghbali S. A comprehensive review on Eremurus species: Phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional uses. Phytochemistry Letters. 2023;53:142-9. Doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2022.12.002.
14.    Karaoglan ES, Gundogdu G, Secme M, Senol O, Miloglu FD, Dodurga Y, et al. Eremurus spectabilis, rich source of isoorientin: isolation, quantification and anti-cancer activity on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Current Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2018;14(6):578-85.Doi:10.2174/1573412913666170822162527.
15.    Bircan B, Kırbağ S. Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Eremurus spectabilis Bieb. 2015. Doi:10.17474/acuofd.63418.
16.    Karaman K, Polat B, Ozturk I, Sagdic O, Ozdemir C. Volatile compounds and bioactivity of Eremurus spectabilis (Ciris), a Turkish wild edible vegetable. Journal of medicinal food. 2011;14(10):1238-43. Doi:10.1089/jmf.2010.0262.
17.    Tuzcu Z, Koclar G, Agca CA, Aykutoglu G, Dervisoglu G, Tartik M, et al. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects of different extracts from wild edible plant Eremurus spectabilis leaves and roots. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine. 2017;10(3):4787-97.
18.    Tegin İ, Hallaç B, Sabancı N, Sadik B, Fidan M, Yabalak E. A broad assessment of Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb: chemical and elemental composition, total phenolic and antimicrobial activity analysis, and quantum chemical calculations of radical scavenging potential. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 2024;34(4):2124-39. Doi:10.1080/09603123.2023.2214100.
19.    Hosseini M, Jamshidi A, Raeisi M, Azizzadeh M. The antibacterial and antioxidant effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and lemon Verbena (Aloysia citriodora) essential oils. Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion. 2019;5(2):86-93. Doi:10.29252/jhehp.5.2.7.
20.    Zamaniahari S, Jamshidi A, Moosavy M-H, Khatibi SA. Preparation and evaluation of Mentha spicata L. essential oil nanoemulsion: physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens and antioxidant properties. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2022;16(4):3289-300.Doi:10.1007/s11694-022-01436-9.
21.    Nakhaee Moghadam M, Movaffagh J, Fazli Bazzaz BS, Azizzadeh M, Jamshidi A. Encapsulation of Zataria multiflora essential oil in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: sensory evaluation and antibacterial activity in commercial soup. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. 2020;39(2):233-42.
22.    Karaoğlan ES, Albayrak A, Kutlu Z, Bayır Y. Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of Eremurus spectabilis Bieb. methanol extract and its isolated component isoorientin on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in rats. Acta cirurgica brasileira. 2018;33:609-18. Doi:10.1590/s0102-865020180070000006.
23.    Karakaya L, Akgül Y, Nalbantsoy A. Chemical constituents and in vitro biological activities of Eremurus spectabilis leaves. Natural product research. 2017;31(15):1786-91. Doi:10.1080/14786419.2017.1292268.
24.    Murathan ZT, Arslan M, Erbil N. Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties in Eremurus spectabilis bieb. grown in different ecological regions. Fresenius Environ Bull. 2018;27:9491-9.
25.    Bayrak BB, YANARDAĞ R. Antioxidant Activities of Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb. Extracts and Sulfur Compounds. European Journal of Biology. 2021;80(2):154-63. Doi:10.26650/EurJBiol.2021.1028656.
26.    Abubaker SR. Anti tumor potential of Local Aslerk (Eremurus spectabilis) leaf extracts by HPLC and applying on cancer cell lines in vitro. Iraqi Journal of Cancer and Medical Genetics. 2015;8(2). Doi:10.29409/ijcmg.v8i2.155.
27.    Tuncer B. In vitro germination and bulblet and shoot propagation for wild edible Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2020;48(2):814-25. Doi:10.15835/nbha48211883.
28.    Tekgüler B, Koca İ, Zannou O, Karadeniz B. Some chemical characteristics and volatile compound profiles of wild foxtail lily (Eremurus spectabilis). Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;28(1):108-17. Doi:10.29050/harranziraat.1385714.
29.    Aysu T, Demirbaş A, Bengü AŞ, Küçük MM. Evaluation of Eremurus spectabilis for production of bio-oils with supercritical solvents. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2015;94:339-49. Doi:10.1016/j.psep.2014.08.005.
30.    Basiri Y, Etemadi N, Alizadeh M, Alizargar J. In vitro culture of Eremurus spectabilis (Liliaceae), a rare ornamental and medicinal plant, through root explants. Horticulturae. 2022;8(3):202. Doi:10.3390/horticulturae8030202.
31.    Bertan B, Refiye Y. Histone Deacetylase, Xanthine Oxidase and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb. Extracts. Experimed. 2021;11(3):156-61.
32.    Salehi B, Ayatollahi S, Segura-Carretero A, Kobarfard F, Contreras MdM, Faizi M, et al. Bioactive chemical compounds in Eremurus persicus (Joub. & Spach) Boiss. essential oil and their health implications. Cellular and Molecular Biology. 2017;63(9):1-7. Doi:10.14715/cmb/2017.63.9.1.
33.    Salahi M, Razavi SMA, Hasanvand E. Physicochemical, rheological and functional properties of a novel gum from Eremurus luteus root. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre. 2022;27:100296. Doi:10.1016/j.bcdf.2021.100296.
34.    Ağırtaş MS, Ödemiş Ö, Solğun DG, Tanrıverdı AA, Özkartal A. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles formed by Chaerophyllum macrospermum and Eremurus spectabilis biomaterial and investigation of photovoltaic parameters by adding silicon phthalocyanine. Journal of Coordination Chemistry. 2023;76(11-12):1471-84. Doi:10.1080/00958972.2023.2239433.
35.    Tosun M, Ercisli S, Ozer H, Turan M, Polat T, Ozturk E, et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of foxtail lily (Eremurus spectabilis). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus. 2012;11(3).
36.    Ghafouri SA, Ghaniei A, Tamannaei AET, Sadr S, Charbgoo A, Ghiassi S, et al. Evaluation of therapeutic effects of an herbal mixture (Echinacea purpurea and Glycyrrhiza glabra) for treatment of clinical coccidiosis in broilers. Veterinary Medicine and Science. 2023;9(2):829-36. Doi:10.1002/vms3.971.
37.    Muhidinov ZK, Bobokalonov JT, Ismoilov IB, Strahan GD, Chau HK, Hotchkiss AT, et al. Characterization of two types of polysaccharides from Eremurus hissaricus roots growing in Tajikistan. Food Hydrocolloids. 2020;105:105768. Doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105768.
38.    Kanaani S, Mohamadi Sani A. Chemical composition of essential oils and in vitro antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Sonchus arvensis and Eremurus spectabilis against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2015;18(5):1093-9. Doi:10.1080/0972060X.2014.989185.
39.    Dorantes-Fuertes M-G, López-Méndez MC, Martínez-Castellanos G, Meléndez-Armenta RÁ, Jiménez-Martínez H-E. Starch extraction methods in tubers and roots: a systematic review. Agronomy. 2024;14(4):865. Doi: 10.3390/agronomy14040865.
40.    Oyedemi SO, Afolayan AJ. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of hydroalcoholic stem bark extract of Schotia latifolia Jacq. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine. 2011;4(12):952-8. Doi:10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60225-3.
41.    Oyedemi SO, Oyedemi BO, Arowosegbe S, Afolayan AJ. Phytochemicals analysis and medicinal potentials of hydroalcoholic extract from Curtisia dentata (Burm. f) CA Sm stem bark. International journal of molecular sciences. 2012;13(5):6189-203. Doi:10.3390/ijms13056189.
42.    Kanzler, Sonja, Martin Manschein, Guido Lammer, and Karl-Heinz Wagner. "The nutrient composition of European ready meals: protein, fat, total carbohydrates and energy." Food chemistry 172 (2015): 190-196.
43.    Ovando E, Rodríguez-Sifuentes L, Martínez LM, Chuck-Hernández C. Optimization of soybean protein extraction using by-products from NaCl electrolysis as an application of the industrial symbiosis concept. Applied Sciences. 2022;12(6):3113. Doi:10.3390/app12063113.
44.    Niazmand R., Shahidi Noghabi M., Niazmand A. Optimization of subcritical water extraction of phenolic compounds from Ziziphus jujuba using response surface methodology: evaluation of thermal stability and antioxidant activity. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture. 2021, 8: 1-13.
45.    Soleimanifar M, Niazmand R, Mahdi Jafari S. Evaluation of oxidative stability, fatty acid profile, and antioxidant properties of black cumin seed oil and extract. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2019, 13: 383-389.
46.    Niazmand R, Razavizadeh BM. Ferula asafoetida: chemical composition, thermal behavior, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf and gum hydroalcoholic extracts. J Food Sci Technol. 2021;58(6):2148-2159. Doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04724-8.