سیر تحول انواع منطقه گرایی در معماری از گذشته تا امروز

مطالعات طراحی معماری و شهرسازی زمینه گرا

دوره 1، شماره 1، فروردین 1404، صفحه 106-126   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/context.2025.91616.1009

نویسنده

الهه ذوقی حسینی^*

عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

منطقه گرایی در طول بازه زمانی گسترده حضور خود در عرصه معماری رویکردهای متفاوتی داشته به نحوی که از رویکردهای رویکرد شکلی - تاریخی که محوریت هویتی داشتند، به سمت رویکردهای اقلیمی -پدیدارشناسانه متمایل شده، توجه به مباحث اجتماعی، فرهنگی، زیست‌بوم و ارتباطات انسانی را جایگزین مباحث سبکی، شکلی و زیبایی شناسی نموده است. طی سالهای واپسین قرن بیستم تا به امروز، تئوری معماری منطقه‌ای از منظرهای مختلف گرایشات زیادی گرفته و بسط یافته و با عملکرد خود نیز متناسب تر شده است. لذا با بررسی پیشینه موضوع دیدگاه های ارائه شده از سوی صاحب نظران به ویژه الکساندر زونیس، لیان لفور، لوئیز مامفورد و کنت فرامپتون به منظور تدوین مبانی نظری تحقیق در مورد کنکاش و تدوین قرار گرفته و انواع منطقه گرایی و رویکردهای مختلف آن همراه با مصادیق مربوطه بررسی خواهد شد که به ارائه مدل تحلیلی دیدگاه های منطقه گرایی منتهی می گردد. در این راستا با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی مبتنی بر منطق استدلال استقرایی، از داده های متنی و تجارب معماری، حرکت و با بیرون کشیدن مفاهیم مستتر در آن، به تدریج به سطوح انتزاعی تری از منطقه گرایی دست خواهیم یافت. نتایج مطالعات و تحلیل دیدگاه صاحب نظران و مصادیق معماری معاصر نشان از آن دارد که رویکردهای امروز منطقه گرایی در پی تعدیل اندیشه های تعصب گرایانه و محدودیت آفرین پیشین و تقویت نگرش زیست محیطی و استفاده از مزایای توسعه پایدار می باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

منطقه گرایی؛ جهانی شدن؛ هویت محلی؛ رویکردهای معماری؛ توسعه پایدار

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