کارایی جاذب‏‌های مختلف در حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب‏‌های شهری (مطالعه مروری)

فصلنامه آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 9، دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 34، اسفند 1403، صفحه 63-82   

نوع مقاله: مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v11i4.2407-1346

نویسندگان

علیرضا رادخواه^{* 1}؛ سهیل ایگدری¹؛ صدیقه آتش افرازه²

¹گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

²کارشناسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

در عصر حاضر، حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب‏‌های صنعتی و شهری به‌‏عنوان یکی از مسائل جدی و چالش‌‏های پیش‏رو بشر به‏‌شمار می‏‌رود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی کارایی جاذب‌‏های مختلف در حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب شهری به اجرا درآمد. در این پژوهش، جاذب‏‌های مختلفی از قبیل جاذب‌‏های طبیعی مانند جاذب‌های جنگلی و ضایعات چوب، پسماندهای کشاورزی، پوست میوه و سبزیجات، زغال‏‌سنگ و بیوچار مورد بحث قرار گرفت. علاوه‌‏براین، نقش و کاربرد نانوجاذب‌ها، نانوکامپوزیت‌ها و نانولوله‌‏های کربنی در تصفیه پساب شهری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. بررسی منابع علمی مختلف نشان داد جاذب‌‏های زیستی به دلیل اینکه از نظر اقتصادی مقرون‌به‌‏صرفه و هچنین دوستدار محیط‏‌زیست هستند، مطلوبیت بیشتری برای حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب‏‌های شهری دارند. مواد طبیعی که معمولاً به‌‏عنوان جاذب استفاده می‌‏شوند، دارای ظرفیت‏‌های متفاوتی برای حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب هستند. در بین جاذب‏‌های طبیعی، استفاده از پسماندهای کشاورزی، بیوچارها و جاذب‏‏‌های مبتنی بر زغال‌‏سنگ بیشتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، اما بااین‏‌حال، بیشتر پژوهش‌‏ها در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی انجام شده است. بر طبق اطلاعات به‌‏دست آمده، نانوجاذب‏‌ها نیز می‏توانند فلزات سمی را از پساب‏‌های شهری حذف نمایند. بررسی‌‏‏ها نشان داد پرمصرف‌‏ترین نانومواد به‌‏عنوان جاذب برای حذف فلزات سنگین شامل گرافن، اکسید آهن، اکسید منیزیم، کربن فعال، اکسید منگنز، اکسید روی، اکسید تیتانیوم و نانولوله‏‏‏‏‌های کربنی می‏‌باشند. باوجود نقش موثر نانومواد در حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب‏‌های شهری، باتوجه‌‏به اینکه این مواد در مقایسه با مواد سنتی (مانند کربن فعال) هنوز ارزان نیستند، استفاده از جاذب‏‌های زیستی می‏‌تواند کارایی موثری در تصفیه پساب‏‌های شهری داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فلزات سنگین؛ جاذب‏‌های طبیعی؛ پساب شهری؛ پسماندهای کشاورزی؛ نانوجاذب‌‏ها

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