بررسی اثر گیاهان پوششی مختلف بر جمعیت علف‌های هرز‏‏، عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد سویا(Glycine max L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 17، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 63، فروردین 1404، صفحه 37-59   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2024.88808.1202

نویسندگان

علی جعفری¹؛ بهنام کامکار^{* 2}؛ آسیه سیاهمرگویی¹؛ جاوید قرخلو¹؛ ابراهیم زینلی¹؛ پریسا علیزاده دهکردی³

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

³گروه زراعت،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

پیش‌کاشت گیاهان پوششی می‌تواند جایگزین پایداری برای روش‌های معمول مهار علف‌های هرز و تأمین عناصر غذایی در خاک باشد. به‌منظور مطالعه تأثیر گیاهان پوششی زمستانه در شرایط عدم استفاده از کود بر جمعیت علف‌های هرز، عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد سویا در استان گلستان، آزمایشی با تیمارهای استفاده و عدم استفاده (شاهد) از گیاهان پوششی یولاف زراعی Avena sativa L.))‏‏، یونجه یک‌سالهMedicago scutellata L.))‏،تریتیکاله (Triticosecale witmackx)‏‏‏ ، اسپرس(Onobrychis sativa L.)،کلزا(Brassica napus L.)‏, پرکو (Brassica napus L.var. sensolata) و تیمار وجین و عدم وجین علف‌های هرز انجام شد. طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از این پژوهش، بهترین گیاهان پوششی در حصول شاخص سطح برگ (پرکو و یولاف زراعی)، کمترین زمان تا رسیدن به حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ (تریتیکاله)، بیشترین مقدار تجمع ماده خشک و کمترین زمان لازم برای رسیدن به 50 درصد حداکثر تجمع ماده خشک (کلزا و تریتیکاله) تفاوت داشتند، امّا در دو سال آزمایش، اسپرس از نظر شاخص سطح برگ و تجمع ماده خشک ضعیف‌ترین گیاه پوششی بود. عملکرد سویا در تیمار عدم وجین در مقایسه با میانگین عملکرد گیاهان پوششی در سال اول 24 درصد و در سال دوم 16 درصد کاهش یافت. در سال اول، اثر گیاهان پوششی بر میانگین تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن 100 دانه و عملکرد معنی‌دار بود، امّا در سال دوم، میانگین تعداد غلاف در بوته و وزن 100 دانه تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری نشان ندادند. در مجموع، به نظر می‌رسد که تریتیکاله و یولاف زراعی می‌توانند گزینه‌های مناسبی به‌عنوان گیاه پیش‌کاشت برای کاشت سویا باشند تا ضمن کاهش جمعیت علف‌های هرز، افزایش یا ثبات عملکرد سویا را بدون استفاده از نهاده کودی ممکن کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بقایای گیاهی؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ گیاه پیش‌کاشت؛ ماده خشک؛ مدیریت بوم شناختی

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