بررسی نرخ و شدت حوادث مربوط به تراکتورهای کشاورزی و کمباین‌های غلات و عوامل مؤثر بر آن در استان ایلام

ماشین های کشاورزی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 31 خرداد 1404   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی لاتین

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jam.2025.91786.1336

نویسندگان

جلال اله‌نوری¹؛ افشین مرزبان^{* 1}؛ محمود قاسمی‌نژاد رایینی¹؛ مجید رهنما¹؛ مسلم سواری²

¹گروه مکانیزاسیون و ماشین‌های کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی اهواز، اهواز، ایران

²گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

کشاورزی یک صنعت غالب در کشورهای در حال توسعه است و در رتبه خطرناک‌ترین مشاغل قرار می‌گیرد. تراکتورها و ماشین‌های برداشت غلات از ماشین‌های کشاورزی خودگردان هستند که علی‌رغم نقش بی‌بدیل‌شان در افزایش بهره‌وری، سهم قابل‌توجهی در حوادث دارند. این حوادث هزینه‌های زیادی را به‌همراه دارد و بهره‌وری را کاهش می‌دهد. این مطالعه به‌منظور بررسی میزان و شدت حوادث و تلفات انسانی و عوامل موثر بر حوادث مزرعه‌ای مربوط به تراکتورها و کمباین‌های کشاورزی در استان ایلام با استفاده از داده‌های مربوط به سال‌های 1402-1398 انجام شد. فراوانی حوادث تراکتورها و کمباین‌ها در مطالعه انجام‌شده، به‌ترتیب 61 و 43 بود که نشان‌دهنده‌ی اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری است. در این تحقیق در بین رانندگان تراکتور بیشترین حوادث ناشی از محور (P.T.O.)، هلیس و غلتک‌های تغذیه و در بین رانندگان کمباین، رایج‌ترین حوادث مربوط به نقاط برشی ماشین (شانه برش، چرخ‌دنده‌ها و غیره) بود. نرخ حوادث از جمله AFR (نرخ فرکانس حادثه)،ASR  (نرخ شدت حادثه)،FIR  (نرخ حادثه مرگبار) و FSI (شاخص شدت تکرار حادثه) محاسبه شد. میزان AFR، ASR،FIR  و FSI به‌ترتیب 25.84، 45.82، 1.66 و 1.066 برای کمباین‌ها و 5.60، 12.63، 4.44 و 0.262 درصد برای حوادث تراکتور بوده است. نرخ حوادث غیرمرگبار برای رانندگان کمباین‌ها 6445 در هر 100000 و برای رانندگان تراکتورها 4334 در هر 100000 بود، با این حال، تعداد حوادث کشنده تراکتور بیشتر از کمباین‌ها بود (445 و 330 در هر 100000 دستگاه).

کلیدواژه‌ها

ایمنی اپراتور؛ تراکتور؛ شاخص‌های حوادث؛ عوامل حادثه؛ کمباین

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