شناسایی حقوق مالکیت فکری به‌عنوان سرمایه‌گذاری در پرتو حقوق بین‌المللی سرمایه‌گذاری

دانشنامه حقوق اقتصادی

دوره 32، شماره 27، شهریور 1404، صفحه 53-72   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/economlaw.2025.91688.1419

نویسندگان

محدثه قوامی پور سرشکه^{* 1}؛ امیررضا محمودی²

¹دانشجوی دکتری حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

²استادیار گروه حقوق، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

چکیده

در نظام حقوق سرمایه‌گذاری بین‌المللی، شناسایی حقوق مالکیت فکری به‌عنوان سرمایه‌گذاری واجد شرایط، یکی از چالش‌های نوظهور و در عین حال بنیادین در تفسیر معاهدات سرمایه‌گذاری است. با وجود اینکه بسیاری از موافقت‌نامه‌های بین‌المللی سرمایه‌گذاری، به صراحت یا تلویحاً، حقوق مالکیت فکری را در زمره دارایی‌های سرمایه‌گذاری قلمداد می‌کنند، این امر به‌تنهایی برای برخورداری از حمایت‌های معاهده‌ای کافی نیست. این مقاله با اتخاذ رویکردی تحلیلی-انتقادی، به بررسی معیارهای شناسایی حقوق مالکیت فکری به‌عنوان سرمایه‌گذاری در پرتو مفاد معاهدات سرمایه‌گذاری، قواعد کنوانسیون ICSID و رویه‌های داوری می‌پردازد. با تمرکز بر آزمون سالینی و سایر معیارهای شکلی و ماهوی، مقاله نشان می‌دهد که بهره‌برداری اقتصادی فعال از حقوق مالکیت فکری در کشور میزبان، نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در تأیید ماهیت سرمایه‌ای این حقوق دارد. افزون بر آن، مقاله نقش حقوق داخلی کشور میزبان در تعیین وجود، دامنه و قابلیت حمایت از این حقوق را برجسته می‌سازد و به‌ویژه بر اصل سرزمینی بودن حقوق مالکیت فکری تأکید می‌کند. در نهایت، نتیجه‌گیری مقاله بیانگر آن است که تلفیق اصول حقوق مالکیت فکری با رژیم حقوقی سرمایه‌گذاری بین‌المللی مستلزم تفسیر دقیق و هماهنگ معاهدات، در راستای موازنه میان حمایت از سرمایه‌گذار و احترام به حاکمیت قانون در کشور میزبان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مالکیت فکری؛ سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی؛ کنوانسیون ایکسید؛ حقوق داوری؛ دارایی نامشهود

مراجع

 

[1] Adel, M. (2018). Applicable Law in International Intellectual Property Disputes. International Law Review, 35(59), 345–375. 10.22066/cilamag.2018.31893 (In Persian)

[2] Agreement between Canada and Mongolia for the Promotion and Protection of Investments. (2016, September 8).

[3] Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of India on the Promotion and Protection of Investments. (1999, February 26).

[4] Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the Republic of Argentina for the Promotion and Protection of Investment. (1991, November 5, entered into force 1993, April 29).

[5] Agreement between the Government of Mongolia and the Government of the Republic of Singapore on the Protection and Promotion of Investments. (1995, July 24).

[6] Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA). (2005, January 1, Article 11.17:4).

[7] Barati, A. A. (2015). Oxid Jurisdiction System and Resolution of Investment Disputes. Shahre Danesh Publications. (In Persian)

[8] Blackaby, N., Partasides, C., Redfern, A., & Hunter, M. (2015). Redfern and Hunter on International Arbitration (6th ed.). Oxford University Press.

[9] Correa, C. M. (2004). Investment Protection in Bilateral and Free Trade Agreements: Implications for the Granting of Compulsory Licenses. Michigan Journal of International Law, 26(1), 331–354.

[10] Correa, C. M. (2014). Intellectual Property and International Investment Law: An Overview. Journal of World Investment & Trade, 15(1-2), 121–140.

[11] Correa, C. M. (2020). Intellectual Property as Protected Investment: Redefining the Reach of Investors’ Rights. Edward Elgar Publishing.

[12] Frankel, S. (2020). The Object and Purpose of Mingling Intellectual Property, Trade and Investment. In Edward Elgar Publishing.

[13] German Model Bilateral Investment Treaty. (2008, Article 1).

[14] Hekmatnia, M. (2016). Territoriality Principle; Its Theoretical Basis and Effects in the Intellectual Property Rights System. Islamic Law, 13(48), 7–36. (In Persian)

[15] ICSID Convention. (1965). Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes. https://icsid.worldbank.org/resources/rules-and-regulations/convention/overview

[16] Jozwik, B. (2014). Reconciling Intellectual Property Rights with International Investment Law. European Intellectual Property Review, 36(6), 351–360.

[17] Klopschinski, S. (2020). Public Policy Considerations in Intellectual Property-Related International Investment Arbitration. In C. Geiger (Ed.), Research Handbook on Intellectual Property and Investment Law (pp. 218–249). Edward Elgar Publishing.

[18] Klopschinski, S., Gibson, C., & Grosse Ruse-Khan, H. (2021). The Protection of Intellectual Property Rights under International Investment Law. Oxford University Press.

[19] Liberti, L. (2010). Intellectual Property Rights in International Investment Agreements: An Overview. OECD Working Papers on International Investment, 2010(01), 1–39. https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kmfq1njzl35-en

[20] Mahdavi, A., & Barkhordari, S. S. (2008). Intellectual Property Rights and Foreign Direct Investment Flow (Iran Case). Knowledge and Development, 13(4), 101–120. (In Persian)

[21] Mehnetfar, Y., & Osmani, F. (2020). Effect of Intellectual Property Rights Protection on Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Iran. Sociological Studies, 13(49), 113–133. 10.30495/jss.2020.558273.1087 (In Persian)

[22] North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). (1994, January 1, Article 1139).

[23] Oke, E. K. (2020). The ICSID Convention and Intellectual Property: A New Perspective. Arbitration International, 36(1), 101–120.

[24] Oke, E. K. (2021). The Interface between Intellectual Property and Investment Law: An Intertextual Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing.

[25] Piran, H. (2012). Legal Issues of International Investment. Ganje Danesh Publications. (In Persian)

[26] Sayyedin, A., & Karchani, M. (2021). Intellectual Property Rights. Taha Publications. (In Persian)

[27] Schreuer, C. (2001). The ICSID Convention: A Commentary. Cambridge University Press.

[28] Shamsnejad, M. (2008). Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment. Master’s thesis, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran. (In Persian)

[29] The Definition of Investment under the ICSID Convention: A Defense of Salini. (2014). Chicago Journal of International Law, 15(1).

[30] Treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Concerning the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments. (1959, November 25, Article 8(1)(a)).

[31] Treaty between the United States of America and Jamaica. (1997, Article 1(a)(iv)).

[32] Treaty between the United States of America and Mongolia. (1997, Article 1(1)(iv)).

[33] Treaty between the United States of America and the Oriental Republic of Uruguay Concerning the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investment. (2005, November 4, Article 1).

[34] UNCTAD. (2020). World Investment Report 2020: International Investment Promotion and Development. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. https://unctad.org/publication/world-investment-report-2020

[35] UNCTAD. (2024). World Investment Report 2024: Investment Facilitation and Digital Government. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. https://unctad.org/publication/world-investment-report-2024

[36] Vadi, V. (2021). The Role of National and International Intellectual Property Law and Policy in Reconceptualising the Definition of Investment. IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 46(2), 148–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-020-01009-7

[37] Vadi, V. S. (2015). Towards a New Dialectics: Pharmaceutical Patents, Public Health, and Foreign Direct Investments. New York University Journal of Intellectual Property & Entertainment Law, 5(1), 113–195.

[38] Vanhonnaeker, L. (2015). Intellectual Property Rights as Foreign Direct Investments: From Collision to Collaboration.

[39] Yousefi Hajjiabad, R. (2014). Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Supporting Foreign Direct Investment and Its Impact on Economic Growth and Development. National Conference on Economy, Management, and Iranian-Islamic Culture. Tehran: Islamic Azad University. (In Persian)

[40] Ziaei, S. Y., & Javadi, S. (2019). Protection of Intellectual Property in International Investment Law. Journal of Legal Studies, 11(2), 55–72. 10.22099/jls.2019.5328 (In Persian)