نقش مصادیق هنر عمومی در اجتماع‌پذیری میدانهای شهری بر اساس نظرات کاربران فضا با رویکرد مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) مطالعه موردی: میدان شهدا، مشهد

مطالعات طراحی معماری و شهرسازی زمینه گرا

دوره 1، شماره 2، مهر 1404، صفحه 348-376   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/cauds.2025.95798.1031

نویسندگان

عبدالهادی دانشپور^{* 1}؛ سمیه رضایی²

¹استاد، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران‌، ایران.

²کارشناس ارشد طراحی شهری دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

فضاهای عمومی به‌ویژه میدان‌ها، از مهم‌ترین عناصر ساخت فضایی شهر و بستر اصلی تعاملات اجتماعی هستند. میدان شهدا در مشهد، به‌دلیل قرارگیری در مجاورت حرم مطهر امام رضا (ع) و زمینه فرهنگی-مذهبی ویژه خود، پتانسیل بالایی برای اجتماع‌پذیری دارد. با این حال، طرح‌های گذشته نتوانسته‌اند کیفیت‌های کالبدی و اجتماعی این میدان را به‌طور مؤثر بهبود دهند. لذا لزوم بازنگری در طراحی این میدان و بهره‌گیری از ابزارهای خلاقانه مانند هنر عمومی برای تقویت اجتماع‌پذیری حائز اهمیت است. این پژوهش با هدف واکاوی نقش مصادیق هنر عمومی در ارتقا اجتماع‌پذیری میدان شهدا، بر اساس نظرات کاربران فضا و با رویکرد مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری انجام شده است. پرسش‌های اصلی تحقیق شامل تأثیر هنر عمومی بر مؤلفه‌های اجتماع‌پذیری (کالبدی، اجتماعی و فعالیتی)، شناسایی مصادیق هنرعمومی تأثیرگذار و نقش میانجی مولفه‌های کالبدی و فعالیتی در ارتقا اجتماع‌پذیری میدان شهدا است.این مطالعه دارای رویکرد کمی است و با استفاده از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری (PLS-SEM)، داده‌های 240 کاربر میدان تحلیل شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که هنر عمومی تأثیر قوی و معناداری بر مولفه‌های کالبدی (ضریب مسیر=0.8994، p<0.0001، R²=0.809)، اجتماعی (ضریب مسیر=0.9628، p<0.0001، R²=0.927) و فعالیتی (ضریب مسیر=0.9107، p< 0.0001 R²=0.829) دارد. در میان مصادیق هنر عمومی، هنر تجسمی (ضریب مسیر=1.0000 برای مؤلفه اجتماعی، f²=0.130) و هنر زنده (f²=2.054) بیشترین تأثیر را دارند. در سطح زیرمولفه‌های اجتماع‌پذیری، امنیت (f²=0.518) و تعاملات اجتماعی (f²=0.626) به‌عنوان زیرمولفه‌های با بیشترین تأثیر از هنر عمومی شناسایی شده‌اند. نقش میانجی مولفه کالبدی (اثر غیرمستقیم=0.7353، p<0.0001) و فعالیتی (اثر غیرمستقیم=0.788، p<0.0001) نیز تأیید شده‌است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

هنر عمومی؛ اجتماع‌پذیری؛ میدان شهری؛ مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM)؛ میدان شهدا مشهد

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