بررسی تأثیر عوامل استراتژیک بر عملکرد سازمانی با میانجی‌گری متغیر کارآفرینی (مورد مطالعه: شرکت گاز شهر بندرعباس)

پژوهش نامه مدیریت تحول

مقاله 2، دوره 8، بهار و تابستان 1395 - شماره پیاپی 15، شهریور 1395، صفحه 16-44   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/pmt.v8i15.50960

نویسندگان

علی حمیدی زاده؛ حسن زارعی متین؛ محسن خاندل^*

پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در دو دهه اخیر، عملکرد سازمانی به یکی از موضوع‌های مورد توجه و جذاب تبدیل شده است و این تمایل، هم در زمینه-های تحقیقاتی و هم در زمینه‌های کاربردی به بروز نوآوری‌های بسیاری منجر شده است. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تأثیر عوامل استراتژیک (تسلّط فردی، رهبری تحولی، چشم‌انداز مشترک، پیش‌گامی و محیط) بر عملکرد سازمانی با تأکید بر نقش میانجی کارآفرینی در شرکت گاز شهر بندرعباس می‌پردازد. این پژوهش بر حسب هدف از نوع پژوهش‌های کاربردی و بر حسب روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از نوع پژوهش‌های توصیفی- همبستگی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، مدیران و کارکنان شرکت گاز شهر بندرعباس بودند، که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده تعدادی از بین آن‌ها به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه، و برای تحلیل داده‌ها از تکنیک مدل‌‌سازی معادلات ساختاری با رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی (PLS-SME) و نرم‌افزار Smart-PLS2 استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که تسلّط فردی بر نوآوری سازمانی تأثیر معناداری ندارد؛ درحالی‌که تأثیر مستقیمی بر یادگیری سازمانی دارد. رهبری تحولی و پیش‌گامی بر یادگیری و نوآوری سازمانی تأثیر مستقیم و معناداری داشته، درحالی‌که چشم‌انداز مشترک و محیط بر یادگیری و نوآوری سازمانی تأثیر معناداری نداشتند و همچنین یادگیری سازمانی تأثیر مستقیمی بر نوآوری سازمانی داشت. یافته‌های دیگر نشان دهنده تأثیر مستقیم یادگیری و نوآوری سازمانی بر عملکرد سازمانی در شرکت گاز شهر بندرعباس است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تسلّط فردی؛ رهبری تحولی؛ چشم انداز مشترک؛ بیشگامی؛ محیط؛ کارآفرینی؛ عملکرد سازمانی

مراجع

Abbasi, E., & Zamani-Miandashti, N. (2013). The role of transformational leadership, organizational culture and organizational learning in improving the performance of Iranian agricultural faculties, Higher Education, 66, 505–519.

Acikdilli, G., & Ayhan, D. Y. (2013). Dynamic capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation in the new product development, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(11), 144-150.

Ajay, K., & Moreno, J. A. (2015). Organizational learning, knowledge management practices and firms performance: an empirical study of a heavy engineering firm in India. The Learning Organization, 22(1), 1-25.

Andreasen, L. E.; Coriat, B.; Hertog, F. D., & Kaplinsky, R. (2005). Organizational innovation, competition and employment. Madison Ave, New York.

Aragon-Correa, J. A.; Garcia-Morales, V. J., & Cordon-Pozo, E. (2007). Leadership and organizational learning’s role on innovation and performance: lessons from Spain, Industrial Marketing Management, 36, 349 – 359.

Argyris, C., & Schon, D. (1978). Organizational learning: a theory of action perspective. Addison- Wesley: Reading, MA.

Aron, O. C., & Weera, W. J. (2009). Examining the role of international entrepreneurship, innovation and international market performance in SME internationalization, European Journal of Marketing, 43(11/12), 1325 – 1348.

Baldomir, J. (2009). Leading in the learning organization. Leadership Advance Online, XVII, 1-6.

Bass, B. M. (1995). Theory of transformational leadership redux, Leadership Quarterly, 6(4), 463-478.

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1995). The multifactor leadership questionnaire. Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden.

Boyd, B.; Dess, G., & Rasheed, A. (1993). Divergence between archival and perceptual measures of the environment: causes and consequences, Academy of Management Review, 18, 204–226.

Bratnicka, K., & Bratnicki, M. (2013). Linking two dimensions of organizational creativity to firm performance: the mediating role of corporate entrepreneurship and the moderating role of environment, Advances in Business-Related Scientific Research Journal (ABSRJ), 4(2), 153-163.

Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. NY: Harper & Row.

Clarke, L. (1994). The Essence of change. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128–54.

Damanpour, F. (1996). Organizational complexity and innovation: developing and testing multiple contingency models, Management Science, 42(5), 693-716.

Dess, G. G., & Picken, J. C. (2000). Changing roles: leadership in the 21st century, Organizational Dynamics, 28(3), 18-34.

Dess, G. G., & Beard, D. W. (1984). Dimensions of organizational task environments, Administrative Science Quarterly, 29, 52–73.

Dibella, A. J.; Nevis, E. C., & Gould, J. M. (1996). Understanding organizational learning capability, Journal of Management Studies, 33(3), 361–379.

Drucker, P. (1985). Entrepreneurship and innovation: practice and principles. Harperbusiness, New York, NY.

Ellis, S., & Shpielberg, N. (2003). Organizational learning mechanisms and managers, perceived uncertainty, Human Relations, 56(10), 1233–1254.

Fahey, L., & Prusak, L. (1998). The eleven deadliest sins of knowledge management, California Management Review, 40(3), 265-76.

Faruk İşcana, O.; Ersarı, G., & Atılhan, N. (2014). Effect of leadership style on perceived organizational performance and innovation: the role of transformational leadership beyond the impact of transactional leadership -an application among turkish SME’s, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 881 – 889

Fiol, M. C., & Lyles, M. A. (1985). Organizational learning, Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 803–813.

Franco, M., & Haase, H. (2009). Entrepreneurship: an organizational learning approach, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16(4), 628 – 641.

Garcia-Morales, V. J.; Jimenez, B.; Maria M., & Gutierrez-Gutierrez, L. (2012). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation, Journal of Business Research, 65, 1040–1050.

Garcia-Morales, V. J.; Llorens-Montes, F. J., & Verdu-Jover, A. J. (2006a). Antecedents and consequences of organizational innovation and organizational learning in entrepreneurship, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 106(1), 21-42.

Garcia-Morales, V. J.; Llorens-Montes, F. J., & Verdu-Jover, A. J. (2007). Influence of personal mastery on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation in large firms and SMES, Technovation, 27, 547–568.

Garcia-Morales, V. J.; Lopez-Martin, F. J., & Llamas-Sanchez, R. (2006b). Strategic factors and barriers for promoting educational organizational learning, Teaching and Teacher Education, 22(4), 478–502.

Garcia-Morales, V. J.; Matias-Reche, F., & Hurtado-Torres, N. (2008). Influence of transformational leadership on organizational innovation and performance depending on the level of organizational learning in the pharmaceutical sector, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(2), 188 – 212.

Garcia-Morales, V. J.; Ruiz-Moreno, A., & Llorens-Montes, F. J. (2010). Effects of technology absorptive capacity and technology creativity on organizational learning, innovation and performance: an empirical examination, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 19(4), 527–558.

Garcia-Morales, V. J.; Verdu-Jover, A. J., & Llorens, F. J. (2009). The influence of ceo perceptions on the level of organizational learning, International Journal of Manpower, 30(6), 567 – 590.

Garrido, M. J., & Camarero, C. (2010). Assessing the impact of organizational learning and innovation on performance in cultural organizations, International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 15, 215-232.

Gavrea, C.; Liviu, I., & Roxana, S. (2011). Determinants of organizational performance: the case of Romania, Management & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 6(2), 285-300.

Givens, R. J. (2008). Transformational leadership: the impact on organizational and personal outcomes, Emerging Leadership Journeys, 1(1), 4-24.

Glynn, M. A. (1996). Innovative genius: a framework for relating individual and organizational intelligences to innovation, Academy of Management Review, 21, 1081–1111.

Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work, Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3-34.

Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership organizational creativity, and organizational innovation, Journal of Business Research, 62, 461-473.

Haji Poor, B., & Kord, M. (2011). Strategic contracts effects on the relationship between organizational learning, innovation and company financial performance, Studies Improvement and Transformation Management, 21(64), 141-166, (in persian).

Hoe, S. L. (2007). Shared vision: a development tool for organizational learning, Development and Learning in Organizations, 21(4), 12-13.

Hsiao, H. C., & Chang, J. C. (2011). The role of organizational learning in transformational leadership and organizational innovation, Asia Pacific Education Review, 12, 621–631.

Imran, A.; Qasim, A. N., & Samra, A. (2014). Exploring relationship among organizational learning practices, innovativeness and non-financial performance: a descriptive study on ngos sector, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(10), 193-209.

Ireland, R. D.; Hitt, M. A.; Camp, S. M., & Sexton, D. L. (2001). Integrating entrepreneurship actions and strategic management actions to create firm wealth, Academy of Management Executive, 15(1), 49-63.

Jaworski, B.; Kohli, A. K., & Sahay, A. (2000). Market-driven versus driving markets, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 45–54.

Jimenez-Jimenez, D., & Valle, R. S. (2011). Innovation, organizational learning, and performance, Journal of Business Research, 64(4), 408-417.

Kaplan, R., & Norton, D. (1992). The balanced scorecard – measures that drive performance, Harvard Business Review, 71-79.

Kazem Poor, M. (2012). The relationship between organizational learning and organizational innovation orientation in the asia insurance company, Master Thesis, University of Tehran, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, (in persian).

Kearney, C.; Hisrich, R. D., & Antoncic, B. (2013). The mediating role of corporate entrepreneurship for external environment effects on performance, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 14(1), S328-S357.

Kenny, G. (2005). Strategic planning and performance management: develop and measure winning strategy, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Burlington.

Kirzner, I. (1973). Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.

Koehle, M.; Bird, D., & Christine, B. (2008). The role of personal mastery in clinical practice: how personal leadership can transform the workplace, Journal of Peri Anesthesia Nursing, 23(3), 172-182.

Kroeger, J. W. (2007). Firm performance as a function of entrepreneurial organization and strategic planning practices. Department of Management and Labor Relations, Cleveland State University.

Lant, T. K., & Mezias, S. J. (1990). Managing discontinuous change: a simulation study of organizational learning and entrepreneurship, Strategic Management Journal, 11, 147-79.

Lee, T. S., & Tsai, H. J. (2005). The effects of business operation mode on market orientation, learning orientation and innovativeness, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 105(3), 325-48.

Lia, S.; Ragu-Nathanb, B.; Ragu-Nathanb, T. S., & Raob, S. (2004). The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance, The International Journal of Management Science, 34, 107-124.

Maani, K., & Benton, C. (1999). Rapid team learning: lessons from team new zealand america’s cup campaign, Organizational Dynamics, 28(4), 48–62.

Marangoni, G., & Solari, S. (2003). Dynamic capabilities and economic relations. PRIN-WP3.

Matuofi, A.; Tajadeni, K.; Aghajani, H., & Tajadeni, K. (2010). The role of learning orientation on innovation and organizational performance, Vision Management, 4, 57-71, (in Persian).

Mazlomi, N.; Nasehi Far, V., & Ehsan Far, G. (2013). Relationship between transformational leadership and organizational creativity and innovation in the private insurance companies in iran, Insurance Journal, 109(1), 33-56, (in Persian).

Mcgill, M. E., & Slocum, J. W. (1992). Unlearning the organization, Organizational Dynamics, 22(2), 67-79.

Miles, R. E., & Snow, C. C. (1978). Organizational strategy, structure and process. Mcgraw-Hill, New York, NY.

Miller, D., & Friesen, P. H. (1982). Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms: two models of strategic momentum, Strategic Management Journal, 3(1), 1-25.

Mirkamali, S. M.; Narenji Sani, F., & Elami, F. (2011). The relationship between transformational leadership and organizational learning (case study: sayepa company), Journal of Transformation Management, 3(6), 1-27, (in Persian).

Modassir, A., & Singh, T. (2008). Relationship of emotional intelligence with transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior, International Journal of Leadership Studies, 4(1), 3-21.

Noruzy, A.; Majazi Dalfard, V.; Azhdari, B.; Nazari-Shirkouhi, S., & Rezazadeh, A. (2013). Relations between transformational leadership, organizational learning, knowledge management, organizational innovation, and organizational performance: an empirical investigation of manufacturing firms, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 64, 1073–1085.

Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organizations: a resource-dependence perspective. New York: Harper and Row.

Podsakoff, P.; Mackenzie, S.; Moorman, R., & Fetter. R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers, trust in leader, satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior, The Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107-142.

Pokharel, M. P., & Choi, S. O. (2015). Exploring the relationships between the learning organization and organizational performance, Management research review, 38(2), 126 – 148.

Porter, M. E. (1990). Competitive advantage of nations. Free Press, New York, NY.

Radzi, W. M.; Jasimahbt, C. W.; Huang, H.; Salarzadeh, J. H.; Farihah, A. K., & Son, R. (2013). The relationship among transformational leadership, organizational learning, and organizational innovation: a case study in asian manufacturing food industry, Asian Journal of Empirical Research, 3(8), 1051-1060.

Real, J. C.; Roldanl, J. L., & Leal, A. (2014). From entrepreneurial orientation and learning orientation to business performance: analyzing the mediating role of organizational learning and the moderating effects of organizational size, British Journal of Management, 25, 186–208.

Riaz, T.; Akram, M. U., & Ijaz, H. (2011). Impact of transformational leadership style on affective employees, commitment: an empirical study of banking sector in Islamabad (Pakistan), The Journal of Commerce, 3(1), 43-51.

Saki, S.; Shakiba, H., & Savari, M. (2013). Study of the relationship between the organizational learning and organizational innovation at university of Tehran, Journal of Organizational Learning and Leadership, 11(1), 1-19.

Salim, I. M. (2011). Organizational learning, innovation and performance: a study of Malaysian small and medium sized enterprises, International Journal of Business and Management, 6(12), 118-125.

Samad, S. (2012). The influence of innovation and transformational leadership on organizational performance, International Conference on Asia Pacific Business Innovation and Technology Management, 57, 486 – 493.

Schumpeter, J. (1934). The theory of economic development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: the art and practice of the learning organization. New York Doubleday.

Slater, S. F., & Narver, J. C. (1995). Market orientation and the learning organization, Journal of Marketing, 59(3), pp. 63-74.

Smilor, R. W. (1997). Entrepreneurship: reflections on a subversive activity, Journal of Business Venturing, 12(5), 341- 421.

Teece, D. J.; Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management, Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 234-72.

Ulrich, D.; Glinow, V. M. A., & Jick, T. (1993). High-impact learning: building and diffusing learning capability, Organizational Dynamics, 22(2), 52–66.

Van De Ven, A. H. (1986). Central problems in the management of innovation, Management Science, 32, 590-607.

Virany, B.; Tushman, M. L., & Romanelli, E. (1992). Executive succession and organization outcomes in turbulent environments: an organization learning approach source, Organization Science, 3(1), 72-91.

Wang, K. Y.; Hermens, A.; Huang, K. P., & John, C. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning on smes innovation, International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 7(3), 65-75.

Zahra, S. A. (1993). Environment, corporate entrepreneurship and company performance: a taxonomic approach, Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 319–340.

Zhang, Q.; Lim, J. S., & Cao, M. (2004). Innovation-driven learning in new product development: a conceptual model, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 104(3), 252-61.

Zhao, F. (2005). Exploring the synergy between entrepreneurship and innovation, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 11(1), 25 – 41.