بررسی تأثیر فرح‌بخشی در کار بر رضایت شغلی و تعلق‌خاطر کاری کارکنان با نقش میانجی رفتار نوآورانه در شهرداری مشهد

پژوهش نامه مدیریت تحول

مقاله 3، دوره 9، پائیز و زمستان1396 - شماره پیاپی 18، شهریور 1396، صفحه 90-116   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/pmt.v9i18.61943

نویسندگان

نرگس راهنما¹؛ علی رضا خوراکیان^{* 2}؛ شمس الدین ناظمی¹

¹فردوسی مشهد

²دانشگاه فردوسی

چکیده

منابع انسانی و نیروی کارآمد، بنیادی‌ترین عامل تولید، رشد و تکامل است و یکی از مهم‌ترین عواملی است که باعث می‌گردد سازمان بر چالش‌های محیطی برتری یافته و مزیت رقابتی خود را حفظ نماید. ازجمله اقداماتی که در جهت حفظ و ارتقای کیفیت منابع انسانی از سوی سازمان‌ها صورت می‌گیرد ایجاد رضایت شغلی و افزایش تعلق‌خاطر کاری کارکنان است. در مطالعات اخیر فرح‌بخشی در کار و همچنین رفتار نوآورانه، از عوامل تأثیرگذار بر رضایت شغلی و تعلق‌خاطر کاری به شمار می‌روند که به نوبه خود باعث افزایش بهره‌وری سازمان می‌گردند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر فرح‌بخشی در کار بر تعلق‌خاطر کاری و رضایت شغلی کارکنان با نقش میانجی رفتار نوآورانه بوده است. نمونه مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش 187 نفر از کارشناسان شهرداری مناطق برخوردار شهر مشهد بوده است که به شیوه نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شده‌اند. ماهیت این تحقیق کاربردی و روش تحقیق پیمایشی- تحلیلی است. تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS18 و Amos انجام شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های جمع آوری شده نشان داد میان فرح‌بخشی در کار و رفتار نوآوارنه رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد، همچنین تأثیر مثبت فرح‌بخشی در کار بر تعلق‌خاطر کاری و رضایت شغلی مورد تائید قرار گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فرح بخشی درکار؛ رفتار نوآورانه؛ تعلق خاطر کاری؛ رضایت شغلی

مراجع

Abramis, D. J. (1990). Play in work. Journal of American Behavioral scientist, 33(3), 353-373.

Amabile, T. M.; Conti, R.; Coon, H.; Lazenby, J., & Herron, M. (1996). Assessing the work environment for creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1154-1184.

Baer, M., & Frese, M. (2003). Innovation is not enough: climates for initiative and psychological safety, process innovations, and firm performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 45-68.

Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28, 117-148.

Baron, R. A., & Tang, J. (2009). The role of entrepreneurs in firm-level innovation: Joint effects of positive affect, creativity, and environmental dynamism. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(2011), 49-60.

Becker, F. (2012). The impact of fun in the workplace on experienced fun, work engagement, constituent attachment, and turnover among entry-level service employees. Unpublished PhD, the Pennsylvania State University.

Berg, D. H. (2001). The power of a playful spirit at work. The Journal for Quality Participation, 24(2), 57-62.

Bolton, sh., & Houlihan, M. (2009). Are we having fun yet? A consideration of workplace fun and engagement, Employee Relation, 31(6), 556-568

Clouse, R. W., & Spurgeon, K. L. (1995). Corporate analysis of humor, Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 32(3), 1-24.

Ching, Y. H., & Ying In, C. (2010). Workplace Fun and Job Satisfaction: the Moderating Effects of Attitudes toward Fun (Doctoral dissertation, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong).

Cummings, L. L. (Eds), Research in Organizational Behavior: an Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, 1-74.

De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. (2010). Measuring innovative work behaviour, Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23-36.

Dea, T., & Kennedy, A. (1999). The new corporate culture. Available from http://www.amazon.com/The-New-Corporate-Cultures-Reengineering/dp/0738203807

Demerouti, E.; Bakker, A. B.; Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 499-512.

De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. (2010), Measuring innovative work behaviour, Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23-36.

Eisakhani, A., & Barazande, L. (2016). The impact of social support on employee welfare through mediating role of workaholism and work engagement. Journal of Human resource management studies. 25, 83-108, (in persian).

Esen, E. (2002). SHRM Fun Work Environment Survey. Society for Human Resource Management, Alexandria, VA.

Fluegge, W. (2008). Fun at work and its effects on job performance: who put the fun in functional? Unpublished Ph.D. university of Florida, United States.

Fluegge, W. (2014). Play hard, work hard,,Management Research Review, 37, 682-705.

Ford, R. C.; McLaughlin, F. S., & Newstrom, J. W. (2003). Questions and answers about fun at work. Human Resource Planning, 26, 18-33.

Glynn, M. A., & Webster, J. (1992). The adult playfulness scale: an initial assessment. Psychological Reports, 71, 83-103.

Han, H.; Kim, W., & Jeong, C. (2016). Workplace fun for better team performance: focus on frontline hotel employees, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(7), 1391–1416.

Jahangir, M.; Khorakian, A., & Lagzian, M. (2016). The effect of work engagement on innovative behavior. Innovation management Journal, 1, 20-52.

Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness and innovative work behavior. Journal of occupational Psychology, 73, 287-302.

Janssen, O.; Vliert, E. V. D., & West, M. (2004). The bright and dark sides of individual and group innovation: a special issue introduction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 129-145.

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692–724.

Kanter, R. (1996). When a thousand flowers bloom: structural, collective, and social conditions for innovation in organizations. Knowledge Management and Organizational Design, 93-131

Karl, K. A.; Peluchette, J. V., & Harland, L. (2007). Is fun for everyone? Personality differences in healthcare providers attitudes toward fun. Journal of Health & Human Services Administration, 29, 409-447.

Karl, K. A., & Harland, L. (2005). What’s fun and what’s not: an examination of age, gender differences, and attitudes toward fun activities at work. Proceedings of the Midwest Academy of Management meeting, Chicago, IL.

Karl, K. A., & Peluchette, J. (2006). Does workplace fun buffer the impact of emotional exhaustion on job dissatisfaction? a study of health care workers. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 7(2), 128-141.

Karl, K. A.; Peluchette, J.; Hall, L., & Harland, L. (2005). Attitudes toward workplace fun: a three sector comparison. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 12(1), 1-17.

Khanifar, H.; jandaqi, GH.; Ahmadi, H., & Hosseni. M. (2011). Work engagement and its relation with organizational justice. (in persian)

Kleysen, R. F., & Street, C. T. (2001). Towards a Multi-dimensional measure of individual innovative behavior. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2(3), 284-296.

Koestler, A. (1964). The Act of Creation, Hutchinson, London.

Kwai Fatt, Ch.; Wong Sek Khin, E., & Ngee Heng, T. (2010). The Impact of Organizational Justice on Employee’s Job Satisfaction: The Malaysian Companies Perspectives, American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 2(1), 56-63.

Lamm, E., & Meeks, M. P. (2009). Workplace fun: the moderating effects of generational differences. Employee Relations, 31(6), 613-631.

Masten, A. S., & Obradovic, J. (2006). Competence and resilience in development. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1094, 13-27.

McClenahen, J. S. (1996). On the job: lean and mean. Industry week, 241. 30-34.

McDowell, T. (2004). Fun at work: Scale development, confirmatory factor analysis,and links to organizational outcomes unpublished Ph. D, Alliant International University, united states, San Diego.

McShane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. (2010). Organizational Behavior: Individual Behavior and Processes. (Translation Khorakian, A. Jahangir, M. Rahnama, S. N. (2016). Mashhad: Aban Bartar publication. (in persian).

Miller, A. M. (2005). Fun in the workplace: toward an environment-behavior framework relating office design, employee creativity, and job satisfaction (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida).

Moghimi, M. (2012). Organization and management research approach. Tehran: Termeh Publication, (8th Ed). (in persian)

Odom, R. Y.; Boxx, W. R., & Gunn, M. G. (1990). Organizational cultures, commitment, satisfaction, and cohesion. Public Productivity and Management Review, 14(2), 157-169.

Parsa Nejad, M. (2012). Relation of organizational creativity and job stress in agriculture organization employees. Journal of Modern Industrial/Organizational Psychology .8, 71-84. (in persian)

Parsaian, A. (1999). Organizational behavior, (1st Ed). Tehran: cultural research office. (in persian)

Peluchette, J., & Karl, K. A. (2005). Attitudes toward incorporating fun into the health care workplace. The Health Care Manager, 24(3), 268-275.

Plester, B., & Hutchison. A. (2016). Relationship between fun and workplace engagement. Employee Relations. 38(3), 332-350.

Rank, J.; Pace, V.; & Frese, M. (2004). Three avenues for future research on creativity, innovation, and initiative. Applied Psychology an International Review, 53(4), 518-528

Rich, B. L.; Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617-635.

Romero, E. J., & Cruthirds, K. W. (2006). The use of humor in the workplace, Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(2). 58-69.

Sameer, Y. (2016). Innovative behavior of employees: a model of antecedents and consequences, a deeper look at psychological and organizational factors, entrepreneurship, Responsible management, and economic development, 14-17.

Sawyer, R. K.; John-Steiner, V.; Moran, S.; Sternberg, R. J.; Feldman, D. H.; Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2003). Creativity and development. Oxford University Press

Schaufeli, W. B.; Bakker, A. B., & Rhenen, W. V. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 893-917.

Sharon C., & Bolton, M. H. (2009). Are we having fun yet? a consideration of workplace fun and engagement, Employee Relations, 31(6), 556 - 568

Seligman, M. E. P. (2002a). Authentic happiness. Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment. New York, NY: Free Press.

Schaufeli, W. B.; Salanova, M.; Gonzalez-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: a two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92.

Scott, W. E., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinant of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 580-607.

Shalley, C. E.; Gilson, L. L., & Blum, T. (2000). Matching creativity requirements and the work environment: Effects on satisfaction and intentions to leave. The Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 215-223.

Society for Human Resource Management, (2002). SHRM Fun work Environment survey. From http://shrm.org

Vimala, B., & Bee, A. J. A. (2014). Study on relationship between workplace fun culture and job satisfaction among IT professionals. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 2(10), 2321-3418.

Von Oech, R. (1982). A Whack on the side of the head, Creative Think, Menlo Park, CA.

Weiss, H. M.; Cropanzano, R. S.; Barry M., & Cummings, L. L. (1996). Research in organizational behavior: an annual series of analytical essays and critical reviews, 18, 1-74.

West, M. A., & Altink, W. M. M. (1996). Innovation at work: individual, group, organizational, and socio-historical perspectives. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(1), 3-11.