بررسی نقش واسط سرمایه فکری در ارتباط بین رهبری تحول‌گرا و ادراک کارکنان از عملکرد کسب ‌وکار

پژوهش نامه مدیریت تحول

مقاله 3، دوره 11، بهار و تابستان 1398 - شماره پیاپی 21، شهریور 1398، صفحه 57-80   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/pmt.v11i1.65779

نویسنده

ایمان حکیمی^*

دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

مدیریت محیط پویای اقتصادی مستلزم توجه سازمان‌ها به اهمیت توسعه رهبری تحول‌گراست؛ زیرا این رهبران نقش فوق‌العاده‌ای در فرآیند ایجاد سرمایه انسانی و سایر ابعاد سرمایه فکری برای مدیریت و اعمال تغییرات و به‌تبع آن، بهبود عملکرد سازمانی دارند. بااین‌وجود، مطالعات اندکی برای ایجاد یک چارچوب مفهومی برای درک روابط فوق ایجاد شده است. بدین منظور، ما یک الگوی نظری را برای تبیین چگونگی ارتباط ابعاد سرمایه فکری و نقش میانجی آن‌ها در ارتباط بین رهبری تحولی و عملکرد را توسعه می‌دهیم. در این مطالعه، دامنه سرمایه فکری شامل سرمایه انسانی، سرمایه اطلاعاتی، ساختاری و ارتباطی است. برای این منظور، 368 نفر از مدیران میانی و ارشد کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط فعال در صنعت غذایی واقع در شهرک‌های صنعتی سراسر کشور با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای انتخاب و پرسشنامه‌های استاندارد بین آن‌ها توزیع گردید. در تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها، از نرم‌افزار لیزرل 8.5 به‌منظور سنجش تأثیر متغیرها استفاده شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد سبک رهبری تحول‌گرا، پتانسیل قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای در درک مزایای سرمایه انسانی در بین کارکنان دارد، و مهم‌تر این‌که سرمایه انسانی به‌واسطه تأثیر بر سایر اجزای سرمایه فکری، پیشران و مهم‌ترین عنصر این سازه محسوب می‌گردد. درنهایت شواهد حاکی از آن است که تنها متغیر سرمایه ارتباطی است که تأثیر مستقیم و معناداری بر عملکرد کسب‌و‌کارهای فعال در صنعت غذایی کشور دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رهبری تحول‌گرا؛ سرمایه فکری؛ عملکرد؛ کسب‌و‌کار‌های کوچک و متوسط

مراجع

Abdollahi, B.; Safari, A., & Sabouri, R. (2016). The Transformational leadership style and intellectual capital management at the immigration and the passport police of the iri, quarterly. Journal of Police Management Studies, 10(3), 484-503. (in Persian)

Abdullah, D. F., & Sofian, S. (2012). The relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 537-541.

Ariño, A.; De la Torre, J., & Ring, P. S. (2001). Relational quality: Managing trust in corporate alliances. California Management Review, 44(1), 109-131.

Baron, A. (2011). Measuring human capital. Strategic HR Review, 10(2), 30-35.

Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, NJ.

Benevene, P., & Cortini, M. (2010). Interaction between structural capital and human capital in Italian NPOs: Leadership, organizational culture and human resource management. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(2), 123-139.

Birasnav, M.; Rangnekar, S., & Dalpati, A. (2010). Transformational leadership, interim leadership, and employee human capital benefits: an empirical study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1037-1042.

Birasnav, M.; Rangnekar, S., & Dalpati, A. (2011). Transformational leadership and human capital benefits: The role of knowledge management. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(2), 106-126.

Boerner, S.; Eisenbeiss, S. A., & Griesser, D. (2007). Follower behavior and organizational performance: The impact of transformational leaders. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(3), 15-26.

Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management decision, 36(2), 63-76.

Bontis, N. (2001). Assessing knowledge assets: a review of the models used to measure intellectual capital. International journal of management reviews, 3(1), 41-60.

Bontis, N.; Chua Chong Keow, W., & Richardson, S. (2000). Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries. Journal of intellectual capital, 1(1), 85-100.

Carless, S. A.; Wearing, A. J., & Mann, L. (2000). A short measure of transformational leadership. Journal of business and psychology, 14(3), 389-405.

Čater, T., & Čater, B. (2009). (In) Tangible resources as antecedents of a company's competitive advantage and performance. Journal for East European Management Studies, 186-209.

Chen, J.; Zhu, Z., & Yuan Xie, H. (2004). Measuring intellectual capital: a new model and empirical study. Journal of Intellectual capital, 5(1), 195-212.

Cheng, M. Y.; Lin, J. Y.; Hsiao, T. Y., & Lin, T. W. (2010). Invested resource, competitive intellectual capital, and corporate performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(4), 433-450.

Claver-Cortes, E.; Zaragoza-Saez, P. C.; Molina-Manchon, H., & Úbeda-Garcia, M. (2015). Intellectual capital in family firms: human capital identification and measurement. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(1), 199-223.

Cohen, S., & Kaimenakis, N. (2007). Intellectual capital and corporate performance in knowledge-intensive SMEs. The Learning Organization, 14(3), 241-262.

Costa, R. V.; Fernandez, C. F. J., & Dorrego, P. F. (2014). Critical elements for product innovation at Portuguese innovative SMEs: an intellectual capital perspective. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 12(3), 322-338.

De Pablos, P. O., & Edvinsson, L. (2014). Intellectual Capital in Organizations: Non-Financial Reports and Accounts (Vol. 1). Routledge.

Dimov, D. (2016). Towards a qualitative understanding of human capital in entrepreneurship research.

Engelen, A.; Gupta, V.; Strenger, L., & Brettel, M. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation, firm performance, and the moderating role of transformational leadership behaviors. Journal of Management, 41(4), 1069-1097.

Esmaeili, M. R., & Shariat Nejad, A. (2015). The Study of the relationship of transformational leadership with intellectual capital and psychological capital with the intermediary effect of transformational management, management studies (improvement and evolution), 23(7), 77-97. (in Persian)

Ferraro, O., & Veltri, S. (2011). The value relevance of intellectual capital on the firm’s market value: an empirical survey on the Italian listed firms. International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development, 2(1), 66-84.

Griffith, D. A.; Yalcinkaya, G., & Calantone, R. J. (2010). Do marketing capabilities consistently mediate effects of firm intangible capital on performance across institutional environments? Journal of World Business, 45(3), 217-227.

Hadijah, H. S.; Sule, E. T., & Mulyana, A. (2015). The Effect of transformational leadership and knowledge management on intellectual capital and its implication on the performance of state owned bank branch offices in West Java. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(5 S5), 97.

Haji Karimi, A. A.; Khorshidi, G. H., & Mohammadian, B. (2016). Influence of intellectual capital dimensions on performance of new product development with moderating role of knowledge depression, business management perspective, 15(26), 13-31. (in Persian)

Hsu, Y. H., & Fang, W. (2009). Intellectual capital and new product development performance: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(5), 664-677.

Hunt, S. D. (2000). A general theory of competition. Thousands Oaks. Cal. (Sage).

Jardon, C. M. (2018). Moderating effect of intellectual capital on innovativeness in Latin American subsistence small businesses. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 16(1), 134-143.

Jordão, R. V. D., & Almeida, V. R. D. (2017). Performance measurement, intellectual capital and financial sustainability. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 18(3), 643-666.

Kalkan, A.; Bozkurt, Ö. Ç., & Arman, M. (2014). The impacts of intellectual capital, innovation and organizational strategy on firm performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 700-707.

Kamath, G. (2008). Intellectual capital and corporate performance in Indian pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 9(4), 684-704.

Kehelwalatenna, S. (2016). Intellectual capital performance during financial crises. Measuring Business Excellence, 20(3), 55-78.

Kianto, A.; Andreeva, T., & Pavlov, Y. (2013). The impact of intellectual capital management on company competitiveness and financial performance. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 11(2), 112-122.

Kianto, A.; Saenz, J., & Aramburu, N. (2017). Knowledge-based human resource management practices, intellectual capital and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 81, 11-20.

Kim, T. T.; Kim, W. G.; Park, S. S. S.; Lee, G., & Jee, B. (2012). Intellectual capital and business performance: what structural relationships do they have in upper‐upscale hotels? International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(4), 391-408.

Li, G.; Shang, Y.; Liu, H., & Xi, Y. (2014). Differentiated transformational leadership and knowledge sharing: a cross-level investigation. European Management Journal, 32(4), 554-563.

Mahmudi Meymand, M., & Kiarazm, A. (2016). Investigating the relationship between intellectual capital components and organizational innovation drivers. Transformational Management Research Journal, 7(14), 57-74.

Martin, B. C.; McNally, J. J., & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: a meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), 211-224.

Massingham, P. R., & Tam, L. (2015). The relationship between human capital, value creation and employee reward. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(2), 390-418.

McDowell, W. C.; Peake, W. O.; Coder, L., & Harris, M. L. (2018). Building small firm performance through intellectual capital development: exploring innovation as the “black box”. Journal of Business Research, 88, 321-327.

Mention, A. L., & Bontis, N. (2013). Intellectual capital and performance within the banking sector of Luxembourg and Belgium. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 14(2), 286-309.

Nazari, J. A., & Herremans, I. M. (2007). Extended VAIC model: measuring intellectual capital components. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(4), 595-609.

Nemanich, L. A., & Keller, R. T. (2007). Transformational leadership in an acquisition: a field study of employees. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(1), 49-68.

Novas, J.; Alves, M. D. C., & Sousa, A. (2015). Management accounting systems, intellectual capital and performance: an integrated approach.

Olander, H.; Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P., & Heilmann, P. (2015). Human resources–strength and weakness in protection of intellectual capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(4), 742-762.

Örnek, A. Ş., & Ayas, S. (2015). The relationship between intellectual capital, innovative work behavior and business performance reflection. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1387-1395.

Phillips, J. J. (2005). Investing in your company's human capital: Strategies to avoid spending too little--or too much. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.

Rafferty, A. E., & Griffin, M. A. (2004). Dimensions of transformational leadership: Conceptual and empirical extensions. The leadership quarterly, 15(3), 329-354.

Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2003). Intellectual capital and firm performance of US multinational firms: a study of the resource-based and stakeholder views. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(2), 215-226.

Roos, J.; Roos, G.; Dragonetti, N. C., & Edvinsson, L. (1997). Intellectual capital: navigating the new business landscape.

Rowe, W. G., & Guerrero, L. (2012). Cases in leadership. Sage.

Scafarto, V.; Ricci, F., & Scafarto, F. (2016). Intellectual capital and firm performance in the global agribusiness industry: the moderating role of human capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 17(3), 530-552.

Schepers, J.; Wetzels, M., & de Ruyter, K. (2005). Leadership styles in technology acceptance: do followers practice what leaders preach?. Managing Service Quality: an International Journal, 15(6), 496-508.

St-Pierre, J., & Audet, J. (2011). Intangible assets and performance: analysis on manufacturing SMEs. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(2), 202-223.

Sulistyo, H. (2016). Innovation capability of SMEs through entrepreneurship, marketing capability, relational capital and empowerment. Asia Pacific Management Review, 21(4), 196-203.

Tovstiga, G., & Tulugurova, E. (2009). Intellectual capital practices: a four-region comparative study. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10(1), 70-80.

Turner, N.; Barling, J., & Zacharatos, A. (2002). Positive psychology at work. Handbook of positive psychology, 52, 715-728.

Unger, J. M.; Rauch, A.; Frese, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: a meta-analytical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 341-358.

Veltri, S., & Silvestri, A. (2011). Direct and indirect effects of human capital on firm value: evidence from Italian companies. Journal of Human Resource Costing & Accounting, 15(3), 232-254.

Vorhies, D. W., & Morgan, N. A. (2005). Benchmarking marketing capabilities for sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Marketing, 69(1), 80-94.

Wang, W. Y., & Chang, C. (2005). Intellectual capital and performance in causal models: Evidence from the information technology industry in Taiwan. Journal of intellectual capital, 6(2), 222-236.

Whyte, M., & Zyngier, S. (2014). Applied intellectual capital management: experiences from an Australian public sector trial of the Danish intellectual capital statement. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 15(2), 227-248.