The Effect of Organic Manure and Super Absorbent on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Potato (Solanum tubersum, cv Marfona)

علوم باغبانی

Article 3, Volume 28, Issue 4, November 2014, Pages 453-463   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.45072

Authors

Nariman Rashidi^{* 1}; Isa Arji²; Mohammad Gerdakaneh³; Abdolkarim Kashi⁴

¹Karaj Islamic Azad University

²Assistant Professor of Agricultural and Natural Resources

³Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kermanshah

⁴Karaj Islamic Azad University, Karaj

Abstract

In order to investigate effect of organic manure and super absorbent on physiological and biochemical traits of potato (Solanum tubersum, cv Marfona), a split plot experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm, Agriculture College, University of Razi in 2010. Main factor included two levels of super absorbent A200 (0 and 70 Kg/ha,) and split plot included nine levels (0, chemical fertilizer (according to soil test), granule chicken manure (1000 kg/ ha), common chicken manure (12 ton/ha), soil mix (1000 kg/ha), cow manure (20 ton/ha), vermicompost (20 ton/ha), compost (20 ton/ha) and tea compost (soaking tubers and spraying at four times). Investigating physiological traits such as leaf chlorophyll index, chlorophyll florescence and stomata conductance showed that only leaf chlorophyll index was affected by superabsorbent (P < 0.01) and organic manure (P < 0.05), while stomata conductance wad significant under it’s interaction effect at (P < 0.05). Quality and biochemical traits show that phosphorous amount of tuber was significant in superabsorbent treatment in compare to control. Crude oil percentage, protein, fiber, starch, sugar, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content were not affected by organic manure. The highest amount of oil and fiber were obtained under compost and cow manure respectively. Sugar and nitrogen content were high under cow manure treatment. The highest amount of potassium and phosphorous content were belonging to chicken and Khakparvar manure respectively.

Keywords

Potato; superabsorbent; Animal manure; Vermicompost; yield

References

1- ارشدی م.ج.، خزاعی ح.ر.، نصیری محلاتی م.، و عاقلی س.ا. 1389. اثرات برخی صفات مهم زراعی بر عملکرد سیب زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) و امکان تعیین زمان نیازگیاه سیب زمینی به کودنیتروژن با استفاده ازدستگاه کلروفیل متر. نشریه بوم شناسی کشاورزی، 2 (1):128-119.

2- اﻣﺎﻣﯽ ع. 1375.روشﻫﺎی ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه. ﻧﺸــﺮﯾﻪ ﻓﻨﯽ ﺷــﻤﺎره 982، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزی. ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺧﺎک و آب، ﺟﻠﺪ اول، 126 ص.

3- متقیان آ.، پیردشتی ه.ا.، و بهمنیار م.ع. 1388. واکنش ظهورورشدگیاهچه‌ای لوبیا سبز (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) به مقادیرمختلف ورمی‌کمپوست. نشریه بوم شناسی کشاورزی، 1 (1):114-103.

4- محمدزاده ا. 1386. اثرات کودهای سبز و آلی بر خصوصیات خاک و عملکرد سیب زمینی. مجموعه مقالات دهمین کنگره علوم خاک ایران، کرج، 4 الی 6 شهریور : 85.-79.

5- یزدانی ف.، اله دادی ا.، اکبری غ.ع.، و بهبهانی م.ر. 1386. تأثیر مقادیر پلیمر سوپرجاذب (Tarawat A200) و تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سویا (Glycine max L.). پژوهش و سازندگی، 75: 174-167.

6-Ancuța D., Renata Ș., and Șumălan R. 2013. Influence of different types of composts on growth and chlorophyll content from tomato seedlings. Journal of Hoticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology, 17(4): 43- 48.

7-Andry H., Yamamoto T., Irie T., Moritani S., Inoue M., and Fujiyama H. 2009. Water retention, hydraulic conductivity of hydrophilic polymers in sandy soil as affected by temperature and water quality. Journal of Hydrology, 373(1-2):177-183.

8-Amujoyegbe B.J., Opabode J.T., and Olayinka A. 2007. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on yield and chlorophyll content of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench). African Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (16):1869-1873.

9- AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 14th edition. Association of Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.

10-Baniuniene A., and Zekaite V. 2008. The effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on potato tuber, yield and quality. Agronomijas Vestis, 11: 202-206.

11- Bartova V., Barta J., Divis J., Svajner J., and Peterka J. 2009. Crude protein content in tubers of starch processing potato cultivars in dependence on different agro-ecological conditions. Central Eoropean Agriculture, 10 (1): 57-66.

12- Chen S., Zommorodi M., Fritz E., Wang S., and Huttermann A. 2004. Hydrogel modified uptake of salt ions and calcium in Populus euphratica under saline conditions. Trees: Structure and Function, 18(2): 175-183.

13-Dhodapkar R., Borde P., and Nandy T. 2009. Super absorbent polymers in environmental remediation. Global NEST Journal, 11 (2): 223-234.

14-El-Shazly M. M. 2008. Potassic, organic and bio-fertilization of potatoes under alluvial soil conditions. Ph.D Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura, University, Egypt.

15- El-Tantawy I.M., El-Ghamry A.M., and Habib A.H. 2009. Impact of farmyard manure and manure compost tea on potato yield and soil fertility. The Journal of Agricultural Science, Mansoura University, 34 (1):669-678.

16- Efthimiadou A., Bilalis D., Karkanis A., Froud-Williams B., and Eleftherochorinos I. 2009. Effects of Cultural System (Organic and Conventional) on Growth, Photosynthesis and Yield Components of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) under Semi-Arid Environment. Notulae Botanicae Horti AgrobotaniciCluj-Napoca, 37(2):104-111

17- Gilley G.E., and Eghball B. 2002. Residual Effects of Compost and Fertilizer Applications on Nutrients in Run off. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 45(6): 1905–1910.

18- Green C.H., Foster C., Cardon G.E., Butters G.L., Brick M., and Ogg B. 2004.Water release from cross linked polyacrylamide. Proceedings of Hydrology days Conference, Pp. 252-260.

19- He X.S., and Zhang F.D. 2005. Characteristics and performance of water absorbent polymer coated urea fertilizer. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 11: 334-339.

20- Islam M.R., and Nahar B.S. 2012. Effect of organic farming on nutrient uptake and quality of potato. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, 5(2):219-224.

21- Järvan M., and Edesi L. 2009. The effect of cultivation methods on the yield and biological quality of potato. Agronomy Research, 7(1): 289–299.

22- Joner E.J., van Aarle I.M., and Vosatka M. 2000. Phosphatase activity of extra-radical arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae: a review. Plant Soil, 226, 199–210.

23- Kandil A.A., Attia A.N., Badawi M.A., Sharief A.E., and Abido W.A.H. 2011.Effect of water stress and fertilization with inorganic nitrogen and organic chicken manure on yield and yield components of potato. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(9): 997-1005,

24- Keshavars L., Farahbakhsh H., and Golkar P. 2012. The Effects of Drought Stress and Super Absorbent Polymer on Morphphysiological Traits of Pear millet (Pennisetum glaucum). International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3(1): 148-154.

25- Khadem S.H., Galavi M., Ramrodi M., Mousavi S.R., Rousta, M.J., and Rezvani-moghadam P. 2010. Effect of animal manure and superabsorbent polymer on corn leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability and leaf chlorophyll content under dry condition. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4(8):642-647.

26- Khadem S. H., Rousta M.J., ChoromC M., Khadem S. A., and Kasraeyan A. 2010. The effects of different rates of super absorbent polymers and manure on corn nutrient uptake.19th World Congress of Soil Science. Soil Solutions for a Changing World.6 August, Brisbane, Australia, 314-316.

27- Kiatkamjornwong S. 2007. Superabsorbent Polymers and Superabsorbent Polymer Composites. Science Asia, 33: 39-43.

28- Lairon D. 2010. Nutritional quality and safety of organic food, A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30(1):33-41.

29- Laszlo M. 2010. Effects of potassium mineral fertilization on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield on a chernozem soil inhungary. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 12: 2835-2837.

30- Mahdavinia G.R., Pourjavadi A., Hosseinzadeh H., and Zohuriaan M.J. 2004. Modified chitosan 4 Superabsorbent hydrogels from poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) grafted chitosan with salt- and pH-responsiveness properties. European Polymer Journal, 40: 1399-1407.

31- Mitelut A.C., and Popa M.E. 2011. Seed germination bioassay for toxicity evaluation of different composting biodegradable materials. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 16(1): 121-129.

32- Moore A., and Olsen N. 2009. Fertilizing potatoes in Idaho with dairy manure. Presented at the Idaho Potato Conference on January, 21.

33- Mosley A., Vales I., McMorran J., and Yilma S. 2011. Principles of Potato Production. Oregon State University Publications, 1-25.

34-Najm A.A., Haj Seyed Hadi M.R., Fazeli F., Taghi Darzi M., and Shamorady R. 2010. Effect of utilization of organic and inorganic nitrogen source on the potato shoots dry matter, leaf area index and plant height, during middle stage of growth. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 1(1): 26-29.

35- Percival G.C., and Sheriffs C.N. 2002. Identification of drought tolerant woodly perennials using chlorophyll fluorescence. Journal of Arboriculture, 28(5): 215-223.

36- Sanchez R.A., Hall A.J., Trapani N., and Cohen de Hunau R. 1983. Effect of water stress on the chlorophyll content, nitrogen level and photosynthesis of leaves of two maze genotypes. Photosynthesis Research, 4:35-47.

37- Sayed O.H. 2003. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in cereal crop research. Photosynthetica, 41 (3): 321-330.

38- Scow K.M., and Alexander M. 1992. Effect of diffusion on the kinetics of biodegradation: experimental results with synthetic aggregates. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56: 128-134.

39- Sharifi M., Lynch D.H., Zebarth B.J., Zheng Z., and Martin R.C. 2009. Evaluation of nitrogen supply rate measured by in situ placement of plant root simulator™ Probes as a predictor of Nitrogen nupply from soil and organic amendments in potato crop. American Journal of Potato Research, 96: 356-366.

40- Shi Y., Li J., Shao J., Deng Sh., Wang R., Li N., Sun J., Zhang H., Zhu H., Zhang Y., Zheng X., Zhou D., Huttermann A., and Chen Sh. 2010. Effect of stockosorb and luquasorb polymers on salt and drought tolerance of Populus popularis. Scientia Horticulturae, 124:268-273.

41- Šrek S., Hejcman M., and Kunzova E. 2010. Multivariate analysis of relationship between potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield, amount of applied elements, their concentrations in tubers and uptake in a long-term fertilizer experiment. Field Crops Research, 118: 183-193.

42- Tian-peng G., Dong W., Hai-ning G., Hua Z., Qing Z., Li-zhe A., and Ai-qin W. 2009. Effects of super-aquasorbent composition on yield index and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of dry-land potato. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), Abstract.

43- Tripepi R.R., George M.W., Dumroese R.K., and Wenny D.L. 1991. Birch Seedling Response to Irrigation Frequency and a Hydrophilic Polymer Amendment in a Container Medium. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 9(3):119-123.

44- Vitale L., Tommasi P.D. Arena C., Riondino M., Forte A., Verlotta A., Fierro A., Virzo de Santo A., Fuggi A., and Magliulo V. 2009. Growth and gas exchange response to water shortage of maize crop on different soil types. Acta Physiol Plant, 31:331-341.

45- Xiang-bo K., and Kun X. 2008. Effects of different fertilizers on the photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield of ginger. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 14(2): 367-372.

46- Yildrim Z., and Tokusoglu O. 2005. Some analytical quality characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) minitubers (cv. nif) developed via in vitro cultivation, The Electronic Journal of Environmental. Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 4(3): 916-925.

47- Ziaeidoustan H., Azarpour E., and Safiyar S. 2013. Study the Effects of Different Levels of Irrigation Interval, Nitrogen and Superabsorbent on Yield and yield component of peanut. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5 (18), 2071-207.