تأثیر غلظت‌های مختلف سلنیوم بر عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی کلم تکمه‌ای (Brassica oleracea var. Gemmifera)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 11، دوره 28، شماره 4، اسفند 1393، صفحه 535-543   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.22780

نویسندگان

رزیتا خادمی آستانه^{* 1}؛ سید جلال طباطبائی²؛ صاحبعلی بلندنظر¹

¹دانشگاه تبریز

²شاهد تهران

چکیده

سلنیوم عنصری غیرفلزی است که با تأثیر بر رشد و نمو گیاهان و به خاطر حضور در سیستم های آنتی اکسیدانی یک عنصر اساسی برای سلامتی انسان و حیوان شناخته شده است. به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر غلظت های مختلف سلنیوم بر عملکرد و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی کلم تکمه ای (Brassica oleracea var. Gemmifera) آزمایشی با شش سطح سلنیوم (0، 2، 4، 8، 16و 32 میلی گرم در لیتر از منبع سلنات سدیم) در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در شرایط گلخانه ای انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد گیاه به طور معنی داری (01/0 P≤) تحت تأثیر تیمارهای سلنیومی قرار گرفت، به طوری که با افزایش غلظت سلنیوم در محلول غذایی از 0 تا 8 میلی گرم در لیتر عملکرد و شاخص کلروفیل افزایش، نشت الکترولیت در برگ ها کاهش و سپس با افزایش غلظت سلنیوم عملکرد کاهش و نشت الکترولیت در برگ های جوان افزایش یافت. حداکثر عملکرد با افزایش 40 درصدی نسبت به شاهد در غلظت 8 میلی گرم در لیتر مشاهده شد. با افزایش سطوح سلنیوم در محلول غذائی، غلظت سلنیوم افزایش یافت و به ترتیب برگ های پیر>برگ های جوان> جوانه ها بود. نتایج نشان داد که می توان سلنیوم را حداکثر تا غلظت 8 میلی گرم در لیتر به منظور بهبود رشد گیاه به محلول های غذایی برای پرورش کلم تکمه ای اضافه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نیترات؛ نشت الکترولیت؛ کلروفیل؛ هیدروپونیک

مراجع

1- طباطبائی س.ج. 1388. اصول تغذیه معدنی گیاهان. مولف، تبریز، ایران. صفحه 298-296.

2- فرخ پی ه. 1384. سلنیوم و اصلاح آلودگی آن در خاک. پایان نامه کارشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

3- Abbas S. 2012. Effects of low temperature and selenium application on growth and the physiological changes in sorghum seedlings. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry, 8: 268-286.

4- Arvy M.P. 1993. Selenate and selenite uptake and translocation in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of Experimental Botany, 44: 1083-1087.

5- Bates L.S., Waldren R.P., and Teare I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-207.

6- Cartes P., Gianfreda L., and Mora MvL. 2005. Uptake of selenium and its antioxidant activity in ryegrass when applied as selenate and selenite forms. Plant and Soil, 276: 359-367.

7- Dhillon K.S., and Dhillon S.K. 2003. Distribution and management of seleniferous soils. Agronmony, 79: 119-185.

8- Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies, 2004, retrieved 2009.

9- Djanaguiraman M., Devi D.D., Shanker A.K., Sheeba A., and Bangarusamy U. 2005. Selenium-an antioxidative protectant in soybean during senescence. Plant and Soil, 272: 77-86.

10- Ducsay L., Ložek O., and Varga L. 2009. The influence of selenium soil application on its content in spring wheat. Plant, Soil and Environment, 55(2): 80–84.

11- Ekelund N.G.A., and Danilov R.A. 2001. The influence of selenium on photosynthesis and light-enhanced dark respiration (LEDR) in the flagellate Euglena gracilis after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Aquatic Science, 63: 457-465.

12- Finley J.W., Sigrid-Keck A., Robbins, R.J., and Hintze K.J. 2005. Selenium enrichment of broccoli: interactions between selenium and secondary plant compounds. Journal of Nutrition, 135: 1236-1238.

13- Geoffroy L., Gilbin R., Simona O., Floriani M., Adama H., Pradines C., Cournac L. and Garnier-Laplace J. 2007. Effect of selenate on growth and photosynthesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Aquatic Toxicology, 83:149-158.

14- Germ, M., and Osvald, J. 2005. Selenium treatment affected respiratory potential in Eruca sativa. Acta. Agriculture. Slovenia, 85: 329 335.

15- Germ M., Stibilj V., Osvald J., and Kreft I. 2007. Effect of selenium foliar application on chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 55: 795-798.

16- Hajiboland R., and Keivanfar N. 2011. Selenium supplementation stimulates vegetative and reproductive growth in canola (Brassica napus L.) plants. Acta. Agriculture. Slovenia, 99(1): 13-19.

17- Hartikainen H., Xue T., and Piironen V. 2000. Selenium as an anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant in ryegrass. Plant and Soil, 225: 193-200.

18- Hawrylak B., and Szymanska M. 2004. Selenium as a sulphydrylic group inductor in plants. Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters, 9: 329-336.

19- Hawarylak B., Matraszek R., Szymanska M. 2007. Respones of lettuce (Lactica sativa L.) to selenium in nutrient solution contaminated with nickel. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin, 67: 63-70.

20- Hu Q. H., Xu J., and Pang G. X. 2003. Effect of selenium on the yield and quality of green tea leaves harvested in early spring. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51: 3379-3381.

21- Kaya C., Higgs D., and Krinak H. 2001. The effects of high salinity (NaCl) and supplementary phosphorus and potassium on physiology and nutrition development of spinach. Journal of Plant Physiology, 27: 47-59.

22- Koivistoinen P. 1980. Mineral element composition of Finnish foods. Acta. Agriculture. Scandivica, 22: 1-171.

23- Kopsell D.A., Randle W.M., and Mills H.A. 2000. Quantitative, chemically specific imaging of selenium nutrient accumulation in leaf tissue of rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea responds to increasing sodium selenate concentrations. Journal. plant nutrition, 23: 927-935.

24- Lefsrud M.G., Kopsell D.E., Kopsell D.A., Randle D.E. and Kale W.M. 2006. Carotenoids are unaffected by, whereas biomass production, elemental concentrations, and selenium accumulation respond to changes in selenium fertility. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 54: 1764-1771.

25- Mahaveer B.M., and Jaldappa S. 2000. Spectrophotometric Determination of Selenium (IV) Using Methdilazine Hydrochloride. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 24: 287-290.

26- Malorgio F., Diaz k., Ferrante A. 2009. Effects of selenium addition on minimally processed leafy vegetables grown in a floating system. Journal Science Food and Agriculture, 89: 2243–2251.

27- Mazzafer P. 1998. Growth and biochemical alterations in coffee due to selenite toxicity. Plant and Soil, 201: 189 196.

28- Nowak J., Kaklewski K., Ligocki M. 2004. Influence of selenium on oxidoreductive enzymes activity in soil and in plants. Soil. Biology and. Biochemistry, 36: 1553-1558.

29- Padmaja K., Prasad D.D., and Prasad A.R. 1990. Selenium as a novel regulator of porphyrin biosynthesis in germinating seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). International Journal of Biological, 22: 441-446.

30- Pennanen A., Hartikainen H., Lukkari K., and Ollilainen V. 2001. Accilmation of Lactucasativa to increased UV irradiation at various selenium levels. Photosynthesis Research (Abstracts of 12th Congress on hotosynthesis), 69:30.

31- Pennanen A., Xue T., and Hartikainen H. 2002. Protective role of selenium in plant subjected to severe UV irridiation stress. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 76: 66–76.

32- Rayman M.P. 2000. The importance of selenium to human health. Lancet. 356 (9225): 233.

33- Rosenfeld I., and Beath O.A. 1964. Selenium. Geobotany, Biochemistry, Toxicity and Nutrition. Academic. USA, pp 411.

34- Seppänen M., Turakainen M., and Hartikainen H. 2003. Selenium effects on oxidative stress in potato. Plant Science, 165: 311-319.

35- Shanker K., Mishra S., Srivastava S., Srivastava R., Daas S., Prakash S., and Srivastava M.M. 1996. effect of selenite and selenate on plant uptake and translocation of mercury by tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Plant and Soil, 183:233-238.

36- Sharma, S., Bansel, A., Dhillon, S., and Dhillon, S. 2009. Comparative effects of selenate and selenite on growth and biochemical composition of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Plant and Soil, 329: 339-348.

37- Simojoki A., Xue T., Lukkari K., Pennen A., and Hartikainen H. 2003. Allocation of added selenium in lettuce and its impact on roots. Agriculture and Food Science in Finland, 12: 155-164.

38- Singh A. 1996. Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses of Three Tropical Legumes to Enhanced UV_B Radiation. Canadian Journal of Botany, 74: 135-139.

39- Sippola J. 1979. Selenium content of soils and timothy (Phleum pretense L.) in Finland. Journal of Agriculture, 18: 182-187.

40- Stanisława P., Ewelina R., and Ewa K. 2011. The protective role of selenium in recalcitrant Acersaccharium L. seeds subjected to desiccation. Journal plant and physiology, 168: 220-225.

41- Terry N., Zayed A.M. De Souza M.P., Tarun A.S. 2000. Selenium in higher plants. Plant and Molecular Biology, 51: 401-432.

42- Turakainen M. 2007. Selenium and its effects on growth, yield and tuber quality in potato. Crop Science, 30: 1-50.

43- Valkama E., Kivimaenpaa M., Hartikainen H., and Wulff A. 2003. The combined effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and selenium on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and ltrastructure in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) treated in the field. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 120: 267-278.

44- White P.J., Bowen H.C., Parmaguru P., Fritz M., Spracklen W.P., Spiby R.E., Meacham M.C., Mead A., Harriman M., Trueman L.J., Smith B.M., Thomas B., and Broadley M.R. 2004. Interactions between selenium and sulphur nutrition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany. (Special Issue of Sulphur Metabolism in Plants), 55: 1927 1937.

45- White P.J., Broadley M.R. 2009. Biofortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets-iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine. The journal of lipid research, 182 (1): 49–84.

46- Wu L. 2004. Review of 15 years of research on ecotoxicology and remediation of land contaminated by agricultural drainage sediment rich in selenium. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 57: 257-269.

47- Xue T., Hartikainen H., and Piironen V. 2001. Antioxidative and growth-promoting effect of selenium on senescing lettuce. Plant and Soil, 237: 55-61.