بررسی مدیریت تلفیقی علف‌های‌هرز مزارع نخود دیم (Cicer arietinum L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 15، دوره 10، شماره 1، مهر 1398، صفحه 195-208   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v10i1.61733

نویسندگان

عبدالرضا احمدی^{* 1}؛ مژگان ویسی²؛ منصور آقایی³؛ سیدکریم موسوی¹

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²دانشگاه تهران

³دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی کارآیی چند علف‌کش در تلفیق با کولتیواتورزنی بین ردیف‌ها جهت کنترل علف‌های‌هرز مزارع نخود، آزمایشی در سال زراعی94-1393 در استان کرمانشاه به‌صورت استریپ‌‌پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار به اجرا در آمد. عامل اصلی شامل عملیات کولتیواتور (کولتیواتورزنی و عدم کاربرد کولتیواتور) و عامل فرعی شامل کاربرد علف‌کش‌های پندی‌متالین، لینورون، پیریدیت، ایزوکسافلوتل، متری‌بیوزین و پاراکوآت به‌ترتیب به میزان‌های 82/0، 67/0، 5/1، 48/0، 42/0 و 05/0کیلوگرم ماده‌ مؤثره در هکتار و شاهد دوبار وجین بودند. نتایج نشان داد که علف‌کش‌های پیریدیت و ایزوکسافلوتل به‌ترتیب با 78 و 75‌درصد، بیشترین و لینورون و پاراکوات به‌ترتیب با 29 و 34‌درصد، کمترین کنترل تراکم کل علف‌های‌هرز را داشتند. تیمارهای وجین + کولتیواتور، پیریدیت + کولتیواتور و پیریدیت، به ترتیب با 83/44، 46/44، 58/40‌درصد افزایش، بیشترین عملکرد دانه نخود را به خود اختصاص دادند. همچنین تیمارهای ایزوکسافلوتل + کولتیواتور و ایزوکسافلوتل به‌ترتیب 18/37 و 34درصد عملکرد دانه نخود را افزایش دادند. نتایج نشان داد افزودن کولتیواتور به تیمارهای کاربرد علف‌کش‌های پیریدیت و ایزوکسافلوتل، تأثیر معنی‌دار آماری از نظر کاهش علف‌های‌هرز و افزایش عملکرد نخود نداشت. مناسب‌ترین تیمار در جهت افزایش عملکرد دانه نخود، کاربرد علف‌کش پیریدیت به میزان 5/1‌کیلوگرم مؤثره در هکتار بود و کاربرد علف‌کش ایزوکسافلوتل از نظر عملکرد دانه، تعداد غلاف و وزن‌خشک بوته نخود اختلاف معنی‌دار آماری با علف‌کش پیریدیت داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کولتیواتور؛ غلاف؛ عملکرد دانه؛ ‌ ایزوکسافلوتل

مراجع

1. Abbas, G., Ahmad, A., Amer, M., Abbas, Z., Rehman, M., Hussain, A., and Khan, A. 2016. Impact of pre-emergence herbicides for the control of weeds in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under hot arid climate. Journal of Biosciencs Management 3: 54-60.

2. Ali, S., Malik, M.A., Ansar, M., Qadir, G., and Qureshi, R. 2016. Seed bank density and weed flora dynamics of bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) as affected by different tillage systems in rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Agriculture & Biology 18: 231-237.

3. Ahmadi, K., Gholizade, H.R., Hatami, F., Fazli Estabragh, M., Hossienpoor, R., Kazemian, A., and Rafiei, M. 2016. Agricultural statistics 2014-15. Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center. 174p. (In Persian). Available at: http://amar.maj.ir. (Verified 3 July 2017).

4. Anonymous, 2015. Isoxaflutole. New Active Ingredient Review. Available at: http://www.mda.state.mn.us/chemicals/pesticides/regs/~/media/Files/chemicals/reviews/nair-isoxaflutole.pdf. (Verified 5.July.2017).

5. Bakhtiari Moghadam, M., Vazan, S., Farahani, M.A., Azizkhani, S., and Rezae, K. 2012. Study on time and location management of weed control on yield and some chickpea cultivated triats. Journal of Plant Cultivation and Breeding 8: 87-96. (In Persian with English Summary).

6. Bazzazi, D., and Faghih, S.A. 1994. Compare the effects of several herbicides on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) weeds. Annual Report. Dryland Agricultural Research Institute of Maragheh 24pp. (In Persian).

7. Bazzazi, D., and Asghari-Meidani, J. 1995. Evaluating the use of instruments to mechanical weed control in dry land chickpea production. Dryland Research Institute Press, 45-49. (In Persian).

8. Buhler, D.D. 2002. Challenges and opportunities for integrated weed management. Weed Science 50: 273-280.

9. Datta, A.B., Smedl, M., Jessop, R.S., Kristiansen, P., and Felton, W.L. 2007. phytotoxic response and yield chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotyps with pre-emergence application of isoxaflutole. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47: 1460-1467.

10. Doyle, S., Morgan, M., and Mcdonald, S.K. 2005. Organic noxious weed management field bindweed (convolvulus arvensis L.) family convolvulaceae. Available at: http://foodsystems.msu.edu/uploads/files/fieldbindweed.pdf

11. Dixit, A.K., Kumar, S., Rai, A.K., and Kumar, T.K. 2015. System productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and soil health under tillage, nutrient and weed management in rainfed chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 60: 205-211.

12. Emenky, F.A., Khalaf, A.S., and Salim, N.M. 2010. Influence of tillage and weed management methods on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) yield and yield components. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 16: 189-198.

13. FAO. 2015. Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations. Available at Web Site http://www.fao.org/. (Verified 2 September 2017).

14. Gaur, P.M., Jukanti, A.K., Samineni, S., Chaturvedi, S.K., Singh, S., Tripathi, S., Singh, I., Singh, G., Das, T.K., Aski, M., and Mishra, N. 2013. Large genetic variability in chickpea for tolerance to herbicides imazethapyr and metribuzin. Agronomy 3: 524-536.

15. Jafarzadeh, N., and Ghahremanian, G. 2004. Investigation of Different Methods to Broadleaf Control in Winter Rainfed Chickpea. Final Report of Plant Protection Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Western Azarbayjan, Iran. (In Persian).

16. Jafarzadeh, N., and Shimi, P. 2001. Investigation of New Herbicide Isoxaflutole in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Fields. Final Report of Plant Protection Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, western Azarbayjan, Iran. (In Persian).

17. Heshmatnia, M., and Armin, M. 2016. The effect of weed interference duration on yield and yield components of Iranian chickpea at two cultivation systems. Journal of Crop Production 9: 25-47.

18. Kaur, T., and Kumar, R. 2016. Weed-management strategies in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) for higher productivity and profitability in north-western part of India. Indian Journal of Agronomy 61: 484-488.

19. Khattak., M.K., and Khan, M.J. 2005. Effect of different tillage practices on weed and yield of chickpea under sandy loam soil condition. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 11: 157-164.

20. Kumar, N., Hazra, K.K., Yadav, S.L., and Singh, S.S. 2015. Weed dynamics and productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under pre-and post-emergence application of herbicides. Indian Journal of Agronomy 60: 570-575.

21. Kumar, J., and Abbo, S. 2001. Genetics of flowering time in chickpea and its bearing on productivity in semiarid environments. Advances in Agronomy 72: 122-124.

22. McKay, K., Miller, P., Jenks, B., Riesselman, J., Neill, K., Buschena, D., and Bussan, A.J. 2002. Growing Chickpea in the Northern Great Plains. Extension Bulletin A-1236. North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA, 8 pp.

23. Mighani, F., and Karaminejad, M. 2015. Weed management (Chemical and mechanical) on velvet leaf (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in fallow- sugarbeet rotation. Journal of Agricultural 17: 607-619. (In Persian with English Summary).

24. Mohammadi, G., Javanshir, A., Khooie, F.R., Mohammadi, S.A., and Zehtab Salmasi, S. 2005. Critical period of weed interference in chickpea. Weed Research 45: 57-63.

25. Mahoney, J.E., 1984. Broadleaf weed control in chickpeas. International Chickpea Newsletter Australian Weeds 3: 125-127.

26. Minbashi, M., Baghestani, M. A., and Rahimian, H. 2008. Introducing abundance index for assessing weed flora in survey studies. Weed Biology and Management 8: 172-180.

27. Mousavi, S.K., Sabeti, P., Jafarzadeh, N., and Bazzazi, D. 2010. Evaluation of some herbicides efficacy for weed control in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 1: 19-31. (In Persian with English Summary).

28. Patil, R.J., Dudhade, D.O., and Patil, J.V. 2002. Response of chickpea to phosphorus under varying moisture regime. Agricultural Science Digest 22: 130-13.

29. Radicetti, E., Mancinelli, R., and Campiglia, E. 2012. Combined effect of genotype and inter-row tillage on yield and weed control of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in a rainfed mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research 127: 161-169.

30. Sandral, G.H., Dear, B.S., Pratley, J.E., and Cullis, B.R. 1997. Herbicide dose response rate response curve in subterranean clover determined by a bioassay. Australian Journal of Experimental Agricultural 37: 67-74.

31. Singh, B., Somanagouda, G., Das, R.C., and Lal, G. 2017. Effects of integrated weed management practices on nutrient uptake by weeds and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). International Journal Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6: 2338-2343.

32. Swanton, C. J., and Murphy, S.D. 1996. Weed science beyond the weeds: the role of integrated weed management (IWM) in agroecosystem health. Weed Science 1: 437-445.

33. Tepe, I., Erman, M., Yergin, R., and Bükün, B. 2011. Critical period of weed control in chickpea under non-irrigated conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 35: 525-534.

34. Veisi, M., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Alizade, H., Minbashi Moeini, M., and Oveisi, M. 2014. Weed flora change in irrigated wheat fields of kermanshah after a decade. Iranian Journal of Weed Science 10:1-20. (In Persian with English Summary).

35. Veisi, M. 2001. Investigation of New Herbicide Isoxaflutole in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Fields. Final report of Plant Protection Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran. No 397. (In Persian).

36. Veisi, M. 1998. Study on Efficiency of Some Herbicides on Broadleaf Weeds in Rainfed Chickpea. Final Report of Plant Protection Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran. 10p. (In Persian).

37. Wicks, G.A., Wilson, R.G., Klein, R.N., Knezevic, S., Roeth, F.W., and Martin, A.R. 2000. Why RPA 2011772 injured corn in Nebraska in 1999. In: Proceeding of Western Society of Weed Science 53:78-84.