تأثیر کودهای آلی و زیستی بر رشد و عملکرد گوجه‌‌فرنگی (.Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) و کلونیزاسیون باکتری‌ها در خاک

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 4، دوره 29، شماره 2، شهریور 1394، صفحه 185-195   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.27707

نویسندگان

حسن مکاریان^* ؛ حسن شهقلی

دانشگاه شاهرود

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر کودهای آلی و زیستی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه گوجه‌‌فرنگی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهرود در سال 1390 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل کودهای آلی در 3 سطح (ورمی‌کمپوست 1700 کیلوگرم در هکتار، کود‌گاوی 3350 کیلوگرم در هکتار و شاهد) و کود‌های زیستی در 4 سطح (ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم، سودوموناس پوتیدا، سودموناس فلورسنس و شاهد) بودند. مایه تلقیح برای هریک از باکتری‌ها 3 لیتر در هکتار بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و سودوموناس فلورسنس باعث افزایش معنی‌دار جمعیت باکتری‌ها نسبت به شاهد گردید. کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست به‌ترتیب باعث افزایش 5/28 و 7/4 درصدی وزن خشک ساقه و ارتفاع ساقه اصلی نسبت به شاهد گردید. ورمی‌کمپوست و کودگاوی به‌ترتیب تعداد میوه را 2/29 و 19 درصد و عملکرد میوه را 15 و 10 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. کاربرد ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم وزن خشک ساقه، ارتفاع ساقه و عملکرد گوجه‌‌فرنگی را به‌ترتیب 14/32، 23/7 و 2/21 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. اثر متقابل تیمارها بر صفت قطر ساقه، وزن خشک برگ و تعداد میوه در بوته معنی‌دار بود. به‌طوری‌که بیشترین مقادیر صفات فوق در ترکیب ورمی‌کمپوست با کودهای زیستی حاصل شد. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، به‌کارگیری کودهای آلی و زیستی می‌تواند از طریق اثرات هم‌افزایی باعث افزایش معنی‌دار رشد و عملکرد گوجه‌‌فرنگی شده و جایگزین مناسبی برای کودهای شیمیایی در تولید ارگانیک گوجه‌‌فرنگی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم؛ سودوموناس؛ کود گاوی؛ ورمی‌کمپوست

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