تغییرات تسهیم و انتقال مجدد مواد پرورده در ماشک دیم (Vicia sativa) رقم مراغه تحت تأثیر کودهای بیولوژیک و آبیاری تکمیلی در سیستم تلفیقی درخت-گیاه زراعی

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 3، دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 22، دی 1399، صفحه 36-49   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v11i2.74730

نویسندگان

سعید حیدرزاده¹؛ جلال جلیلیان^{* 2}؛ علیرضا پیرزاد³؛ رشید جامعی⁴

¹دانشجوی سابق دکتری زراعت، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

²دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی ، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

³استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

⁴دانشیار گروه زیست‌شناسی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

تولید، انتقال مجدد و بهبود ویژگی‌های کیفی گیاهان زراعی به‌ویژه تحت تنش کم‌آبی از مبـانی اساسـی تعیـین و بررسـی اخـتلاف عملکـرد در گونه‌ها و رقم‌های زراعی است. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه ارومیه در دو سال زراعی (1395 و 1396) انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کشت دیم و یک بار آبیاری تکمیلی به عنوان فاکتور اول و تیمار کاربرد کودهای زیستی در هشت سطح (شاهد، قارچ میکوریزا، ازتوباکتر، تیوباسیلوس، ازتوباکتر+ قارچ میکوریزا، تیوباسیلوس+ قارچ میکوریزا، ازتوباکتر+تیوباسیلوس و ازتوباکتر+ تیوباسیلوس+ قارچ میکوریزا) به عنوان فاکتور دوم بودند. نتایج نشان داد با انجام آبیاری تکمیلی تعداد غلاف در بوته ماشک افزایش یافت؛ اما بیشترین میزان و کارآیی انتقال مجدد مواد فتوسنتزی و درصد پروتئین علوفه ماشک در شرایط دیم به‌دست آمد. همچنین تعداد غلاف در بوته و پروتئین علوفه ماشک تحت تأثیر کاربرد کودهای زیستی افزایش معنی‌داری یافتند؛ در حالی که بیشترین میزان و کارآیی انتقال مجدد مواد فتوسنتزی ماشک در تیمار بدون کاربرد کود زیستی (شاهد) به‌دست آمد. گیاهان ماشک در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی و کاربرد ترکیبی قارچ میکوریزا و ازتوباکتر به واسطه دارابودن حداکثر میزان کلونیزاسیون ریشه (45/63 درصد) و محتوای رطوبت نسبی بالا (50/69 درصد)، بیشترین تعداد دانه در بوته (94/20 عدد) و وزن1000دانه (7/44 گرم) را دارا بودند که در نتیجه منجر به حصول حداکثر عملکرد دانه (2/1873 کیلوگرم در هکتار) گردید. لذا، کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای زیستی در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی جهت افزایش تولید ماشک در سیستم تلفیقی درخت-گیاه زراعی می‌تواند موجب بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی آن شود که در راستای کشاورزی پایدار نیز می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ازتوباکتر؛ تیوباسیلوس؛ کارآیی انتقال مجدد؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ میکوریزا

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