اثر رقابت و سطوح مس بر وزن خشک گیاهچه و غلظت عناصر مس، فسفر، پتاسیم و منیزیم در لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) و تاج‌خروس ریشه‌قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 13، دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 22، دی 1399، صفحه 183-195   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v11i2.78036

نویسندگان

سمیه بیات؛ گودرز احمدوند^* ؛ علی سپهری

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

به منظور درک کافی از میزان جذب عنصر مس و تجمع سایر عناصر توسط گیاه لوبیا و علف­هرز تاج­خروس در غلظت­های مختلف مس، آزمایشی به صورت آب‌کشت (هیدروپونیک)، در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا در سال1395 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل غلظت مس در سه سطح 1، 25 و 50 میکرومولار سولفات مس (CuSO₄) و مخلوط جایگزینی لوبیا (B) و تاج‌خروس (P) با نسبت­های 100درصد لوبیا+0درصد تاج‌خروس
(1B: 0P)، 75درصد لوبیا+25درصد تاج‌خروس (0.75B: 0.25P)، 50درصد لوبیا+50درصد تاج‌خروس
(0.5B: 0.5P)، 25درصد لوبیا+75درصد تاج‌خروس (0.25B: 0.75P) و 0درصد لوبیا+100درصد تاج‌خروس
(0B: 1P) بود. نتایج نشان داد در غلظت 1 میکرومولار سولفات مس، غلظت پتاسیم در ریشه لوبیا با افزایش تعداد بوته تاج­خروس در نسبت جایگزینی (0.25B: 0.75P) به‌ترتیب به میزان 7 درصد نسبت به کشت خالص لوبیا کاهش و در غلظت 25 و 50 میکرومولار سولفات مس به‌ترتیب به میزان10 و 15 درصد نسبت به کشت خالص لوبیا، افزایش نشان داد. در غلظت 25 میکرومولار سولفات مس، غلظت فسفر و منیزیم در ریشه لوبیا در نسبت جایگزینی 0.25B: 0.75P به‌ترتیب به میزان 17و 18درصد و در غلظت 50 میکرومولار، به میزان 21 و 26 درصد نسبت به کشت خالص لوبیا افزایش یافت. در شرایط فزونی مس، همجواری علف‌هرز تاج­خروس با لوبیا سبب کاهش آلودگی لوبیا به مس و ایجاد تعادل در جذب عناصر ضروری گیاه لوبیا شد. جذب فلز مس توسط علف‌هرز تاج­خروس، سبب بهبود رشد لوبیا تحت شرایط فزونی مس شد. بنابراین مدیریت اکولوژیکی گیاهان تجمع­دهنده فلز مس نظیر تاج‌خروس ریشه‌قرمز در مقابل ریشه‌کن‌کردن این علف‌هرز، در مزارع لوبیای دارای آلودگی مس، راهکار مناسبی می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

علف هرز؛ عناصر غذایی؛ فلزات سنگین

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