تاثیر شوری بر رشد و پارامترهای فیزیولوژیک نهال چهار رقم زیتون (Olea europea L.) در شرایط گلخانه‌ای

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 5، دوره 30، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1395، صفحه 1-10   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v30i1.22931

نویسندگان

فرزانه علیایی؛ بهرام بانی نسب^* ؛ سیروس قبادی

دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

زیتون اگرچه گیاهی به نسبت مقاوم به شوری است اما خشکسالی های اخیر و کاهش کیفیت آب آبیاری سبب کاهش عملکرد این گیاه به خصوص در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک کشور شده است. انتخاب ارقام مقاوم به شوری از مهم‌ترین روش‌های موثر در بهره‌وری از آب و خاک‌های شور است. لذا به منظور بررسی تحمل به شوری چهار رقم زیتون (آمیگدال، دکل، شیراز و زرد) پژوهشی گلخانه ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی در چهار سطح شوری (0، 100، 150 و 200 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم) در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شوری ارتفاع نسبی، سطح نسبی برگ، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، محتوای آب برگ، میزان کلروفیل فلورسانس و کلروفیل نسبی کاهش اما شاخص خسارت ظاهری، پرولین و پراکسیداسیون غشای لیپیدی افزایش یافت. ارقام زیتون نیز در شرایط یکسان تنش واکنش های متفاوتی از خود بروز دادند به گونه ای که مقایسه پارامترهای اندازه گیری شده مذکور در چهار رقم نشان داد که رقم زرد و شیراز مقاوم-ترین و آمیگدال حساس ترین رقم زیتون به شوری بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرولین؛ تنش‌های محیطی؛ کلروفیل فلورسنس

مراجع

1- Ashraf M. 1989. The effect of NaCl on water relations, chlorophyll, protein and proline contents of two cultivars of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Plant and Soil, 119: 205-210.

2- Ashraf M., and Foolad M.R. 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment: A shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Advances in Agronomy, 88: 223-271.

3- Bates L.S., Waldren, R.P., and Teare I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-207.

4- Bolat I., Kaya C., Almaca A., and Timucin S. 2006. Calcium sulfate improve salinity tolerance in rootstock of plum. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29: 553-564.

5- Bongi F., and Loreto F. 1989. Gas-exchange properties of salt-stressed olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves. Plant Physiology, 90: 1408-1416.

6- Bybordi A., Tabatabaei S.J., and Ahmadev A. 2010. Effect of salinity on the growth and peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities in canola. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 8: 109-112.

7- Chartzoulakis K.S. 2005. Salinity and olive: Growth, salt tolerance, photosynthesis and yield. Agricultural Water Management, 78: 108-121.

8- Debez A., Saadaui D., Ramani B., Ouerghi Z., Koyro H.W., Huchzermeyer B., and Abdelly C. 2006. Leaf H+-ATPase activey and photosynthetic capacity of Cakile martima under increasing salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 57: 285-295.

9- El-Hariri D.M., Sadak M.S., and El-Bassiouny H.M.S. 2010. Response of flax cultivars to ascorbic acid and - tocopherol under salinity stress conditions. International Journal of Academic Research, 6: 101-109.

10- Esfandiari E., Shekari F., and Esfandiari M. 2007. The effect of salt stress on antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation on the wheat seedling. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 35: 48-56.

11- Fisarakis I., Chartzoulakis K., and Stavrakas D. 2001. Response of sultana vines (V. vinifera L.) on six rootstock to NaCl salinity exposure and recovery. Agricultureal Water Management, 51: 13-27.

12- Goreta S., Bucevic-Popovic V., Pavela-Vranic M., and Perica S. 2007. Salinity induced changes in growth, superoxide dismutase activity, and ion content of two olive cultivars. Journal of Plant Nurtrition and Soil Science, 170: 398-403.

13- Greenway H., and Munns R. 1980. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Annual of Plant Physiology, 31: 149-190.

14- Gucci, R., and Tattini M. 1997. Salinity tolerance in olive. Horticultural Review, 21: 177-214.

15- Ketchum R.E.B., Warren R.C., Klima L.J., Lopez-Gutierrez F., and Nabors M.W. 1991. The mechanism and regulation of proline accumulation in suspension cultures of halophytic grass Distichlis spicata L. Journal of Plant Physiology, 137: 368-374.

16- Lawlor D.W., and Cornic G. 2002. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant, Cell and Environmental, 25: 275- 294.

17- Lu K.X., Cao B.H., Feng X.P., He Y., and Jiang D.A. 2009. Photosynthetic response of salt-tolerant and sensitive soybean varieties. Photosynthetica, 47: 381-387.

18- Mansour M.M.F. 2000. Nitrogen containing compounds and adaptation of plants to salinity stress. Biologia Plantarum, 43: 491-500.

19- Melgar J.C., Guidi L., Remorini D., Agati G., Degl’Innocenti E., Castelli S., Camillabaratto M., Faraloniand C., and Tattini M. 2009. Antioxidant defenses and oxidative damage in salt-treated olive plants under contrasting sunlight irradiance. Tree Physiology, 29: 1187–1198.

20- Mingyang F., Chao L., and Fengwang M. 2013. Physiological responses and tolerance to NaCl stress in different biotypes of Malus prunifolia. Euphytica, 189: 101-109.

21- Munns R. and James R.A. 2003. Screening method for salinity tolerance: a case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant and Soil, 253: 201-218.

Oraei M., Tabatabaei S.J., Fallahi E., and Imani A. 2009. The effect of salinity and rootstock on the growth, photosyntheteic rate, nutrient and sodium concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.). Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 23: 131-140. (in Persian with English abstract)

23- Ramzi B., and Morales F. 1994. Chlorophyll flourescende as a possible tool for salinity tolerance screening in barley. Plant Physiology, 104: 667-673.

24- Pezeshki S.R., and chambers J.L. 1986. Effect of soil salinity on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) seedling. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 16: 569-573.

25- Qasim M., Ashraf M., Ashraf M.Y., Rehman S.U., and Rha E.S. 2003. Salt-induced changes in two canola cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Biologia Plantarum, 46: 692-632.

26- Quiles M.J., and Lopez N.I. 2004. Photoinhibition of photosystems I and II induced by exposure to high light intensity during oat plant grown effects on the chloroplastic NADH dehydrogenase complex. Plant Science, 166: 815-823.

27- Scandalios J.G. 1993. Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutase. Plant Physiology, 101: 712-726.

28- Shahba Z., Baghizadeh A., Vakili S., Mohamad A., Yazdanpanah A., and Yosefi M. 2010. The salisilic acid effect on the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) sugar, protein and proline contents under salinity stress NaCl. Journal of Biophysics and Structural Biology, 2: 35-41.

29- Shannon M.C. 1997. Adaptation of plants to salinity. Advances Agronomy, 60: 75-120.

30- Sheokand S., Bhankar V., and Sawhney V. 2010. Ameliorative effect of exogenous nitric oxide on oxidative metabolism in NaCl treated chickpea plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 22: 81-90.

31- Sivritepe N., Sivritepe H.O., Celik H., and Katkat A.V. 2010. Salinity responses of grafted grapevines: Effects of scion and rootstock genotypes. Notulae Botanici Horti Agrobotanici Cloj-Napoca, 38: 193-201.

32- Tattini M., Bertoni P., and Caselli S. 1992. Genotypic responses of olive plants to sodium chloride. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 15: 1467-1485.

33- Vitagliano C., and Sebastiani L. 2002. Physiological and biochemical remarks on environmental stress in olive (Olea europaea L.). Acta Horticulturae, 586: 435-441.

34- Wang F., Zeng B., Sun Z., and Zhu C. 2009. Relationship between proline and Hg2+-induced oxidative stress in tolerant rice mutant. Archive of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 56: 723-731.

35- Yin R., Tuanhui B., Fengwang M., Xinjuan W., Yonghong L. and Zhiyong Y. 2010. Physiological responses and relative tolerance by chinese apple rootstocks to NaCl stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 126: 247-252.

36- Younis M.E., El-Shahaby O.A., Abo-Hamed S.A., and Ibrahim A.H. 2000. Effects of water stress on growth, pigments and 14CO2 assimilation in three sorghum cultivars. Agronomy and Crop Science, 185: 73-82.

37- Zheng Q., Liu Z., Chen G., Gao Y., Li Q., and Wang J. 2010. Comparison of osmotic regulation in dehydration and salinity-stressed sunflower seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33: 966-981.