بسط «علایق علم» و پیامدهای آن برای آموزش علوم طبیعی

پژوهش نامه مبانی تعلیم و تربیت

مقاله 2، دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 19، شهریور 1399، صفحه 33-58   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/fedu.v10i1.79847

نویسنده

موسی توماج ایری^*

دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

هدف اصلی این مقاله، بسط علایق علم و بررسی پیامدهای آن برای آموزش علوم طبیعی است. برای این منظور با استفاده از روش‌های توصیف، تحلیل، استنتاج و مفهوم‌پردازی ابتدا به علایق علم نزد هابرماس با سه وجه فنی، عملی و رهایی‌بخش پرداخته می‌شود. سپس رویکرد ماری هسه دربارۀ جنبۀ تفسیری و تأویلی علوم طبیعی مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. پس از آن، به نظرات مارتین اِگِر دربارۀ علاقه کیهان‌شناختی و سرکوب آن در تعلیم‌وتربیت پرداخته می‌شود. در بخش بعد ضمن پیشنهاد رشتۀ «مطالعات علم» به‌عنوان «علایق استعلایی علم» به بسط علایق علم می‌پردازیم. سپس به پیامدهای چهار زیرعلاقۀ تاریخ علم، فلسفه علم، جامعه‌شناسی علم و روانشناسی علم، پرداخته می‌شود. در نهایت با ابتنای بر یافته‌های پژوهش، رویکرد و روش جدیدی با­ عنوان «آموزش علم علاقه‌محور» پیشنهاد می‌گردد. نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که لحاظ علایق استعلایی در کنار علایق فنی و کیهان‌شناختی در آموزش علوم طبیعی، و استفاده از آموزش علم علاقه‌محور، تصویر جامع‌تر و کامل‌تری از علم ارائه داده، ضمن تسهیل و تعمیق فرایند یاددهی-یادگیری علوم، این فرایند را با جذابیت و لذت بیشتری همراه خواهد ساخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آموزش علم؛ علایق علم؛ هابرماس؛ هسه؛ علایق استعلایی؛ فلسفه علم؛ تاریخ علم؛ جامعه‌شناسی علم؛ علوم تجربی

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