1- Abbasluo,A ., R. tahmasbi., A. dayyani. 2013. The effect of sulfur-containing urea on digestibility, blood parameters and ruminal fermentation in goat Raeini. Iranian Journal of animal science research, 5(2):172-164.
2- Behruozyar. H., K. Rezayazdi., M. Dehghanbanadaki. 2011. Effect of sowing forage processing on digestibility, degradability, rumen and blood metabolites of Holstein cows. Iranian Journal of animal science research, 21(1):89-103.
3- Dourandish, A., R. kohansall., N. Shahnooshi., M. Hosseinzadeh. 2012. Examine the technical efficiency of barberry in South Khorasan Province. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 6(2):101-120.
4- Dehghan. M., R. Tahmasbi., A. Dayani., A. Khazary. 2011. Characterization of physical, chemical and digestibility of some agricultural by-products. Iranian Journal of animal science research, 3(4):412-421.
5- Sepehrimanesh, M., S.L. Pourbagheri. H. Rjaeyan., H. Dadrass., A. Razegheyan. 2011. The effect of the addition of the roots of barberry Arbor Acers broiler poultry feed as growth promoters. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(9):51-58.
6- Fallahi. J., Rezvanii. P,. Nasiri mahallati. M., 2010. Effects of harvesting the fruit of Berberis vulgaris quantitative and qualitative indicators. Journal of agricultural research, 8(2):225-234.
7- Mokhtarpoor. A., A. Naserian., F. Poormollaie. 2012. Determine the chemical composition of phenolic and gas production in vitro leaves of some plants contain tannins. Animal Science Congress 5' of Iran: 259-264.
8- Velayati. A,. B. Emadi., M. Khojaste., M.H. Saeedi. 2011. The effect of moisture on the mechanical properties and speed the fruit of Berberis. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 1(9):99-100.
9- AminiPour, H. 2011. Effects of tannins in ruminant: A Review. J. American Sci. 7: 715-720.
10- AOAC, 1997: Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD.
11- Barry, T. N., and S. J. Duncan. 1984. The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 1: Voluntary intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 51: 485-491.
12- Besharati, M., and A. Taghizadeh. 2011. Effect of tannin-binding agents (Polyethylene glycol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone) supplementation on in vitro gas production kinetics of some grape yield byproducts. ISRN Veterinary Science,1(8): 155-162.
13- Bhatta, R., A. K. Shinde, S. Vaithiyanathan, S. K. Sankhyan, D. L. Verma. 2002. Effect of polyethylene glycol-6000 on nutrient intake, digestion and growth of kids browsing Prosopis cineraria. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 101: 45–54.
14- Chaudhry, A. S. 2000. Rumen degradation in sacco in sheep of wheat straw treated with calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide plus hydrogen peroxide. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 83: 313-323.
15- Dias, A. M., L. C. VinhasÍtavo, J. C. Damasceno, G. T. Santos, C. C. B. Ferreira Ítavo, F. F. Silva, E. Nogueira, C. M. Soares. 2011. Sugar cane treated with calcium hydroxide in diet for cattle: intake, digestibility of nutrients and ingestive behavior, Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40: 1799-1806.
16- Haslam, E. 1989. Plant polyphenols-vegetable tannins revisited. Cambridge university press, Cambridge, U.K.
17- Hill, G. M., P. R. Utley, and G. L. Newton. 1986. Digestibility and utilization of ammonia-treated and urea-supplemented peanut skin diets fed to cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 63:705-714.
18- Jahani-Azizabadi, H., M. DaneshMesgaran, A.R. Vakili, K. Rezayazdi, M. Hashemi. 2011. Effect of various medicinal plant essential oils obtained from semi-arid climate on rumen fermentation characteristics of a high forage diet using in vitro batch culture. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5: 4812-4819.
19- Jansman, A. J. M. 1993. Tannins in feedstuff for simple-stomached animals. Nutrition Research. 6: 209–239.
20- Krebs, G. L., D. M. Howard, and K. Dods. 2007. The effects of feeding acacia saligna on feed intake, nitrogen balance and rumen metabolism in sheep. Asian- Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 20:1367-1373.
21- Lapierre, H., and G. E. Lobley. 2001. Nitrogen recycling in the ruminant: A Review. Journal of Dairy Science, 84: E223-E236.
22- Makkar, H. P. S. 2003. Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research, 49: 241–256.
23- Makkar, H. P. S., K. Becker, J. Vercauteren, C. Cheze, M. C. Dumon, J. F. Weber. 1996. A bioassay for polyphenols (tannins). Proceedings of polyphenols communications, 18: 197-198.
24- Makkar, H. P. S., M. Blummel, K. Becker. 1995. Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in in vitro techniques. British, Journal of Nutrition, 73: 897–913.
25- Makkar, H. P. S., M. Blümmel, N. K. Borowy, K. Becker. 1993. Gravimetric determination of tannins and their correlations with chemical and protein precipitation methods. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture, 61: 161–165.
26- Martinez, C. J., H. H. Sanchez, G. A. Manilla, N. R. Quintos, J. M. Herrera, G. D. Ortiz. 2001. Effect of aqueous and alkaline thermal treatments on chemical composition and oligosaccharide, alkaloid and tannin contents of Lupinuscampestris seeds. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture, 81: 421–428.
27- Mehrez, A. Z., and E. R. Orskov. 1977. A study of the artificial fibre bag technique for determining the digestibility of feeds in the rumen. Journal of Agriculture Science, 88: 645–650.
28- Menke, K. H., and H. Steingass. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Journal of Animal Research Development, 28: 7-55.
29- Menke, K. H., L. Raab, A. Salewski, H. Steingass, D. Fritz, W. Shneider. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor. Journal of Agriculture Science, Cambridge. 97: 217-222.
30- National Research Council – NRC, 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 381.
31- Orskov, E. R., and I. McDonald. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agriculture Science, 92: 499-503.
32- Ozkose, E. R., U. Kuloglu, B. Comlekcioglu, I. Kar, and M. S. Ekinci. 2011. Effects of tannic acid on the fibrolytic enzyme activity and survival of some ruminal bacteria. International Journal of Agriculture Biology, 11: 386–390.
33- Porter, L.J., L.N. Hrstich, B.G. Chan. 1986. The conversion of procyanidins and prodelphinidins to cyanidin and delphinidin. Phytochemistry, 25: 223–230.
34- Rao, U. P., and B. Belavady. 1978. Oligosaccharides in pulses: variety differences and effects of cooking and germination. J. Agri.Food Chem. 26: 316–319.
35- Reed, J. 1995. Nutritional toxicology of tannins and related polyphenols in forage legumes. Journal of Animal Science, 73: 1516-1528.
36- Rubanza, C. D. K., M. N. Shem, R. Otsyina, S. S. Bakengesa, T. Ichinohe, T. Fujihara. 2005. Polyphenolics and tannins effect on in vitro digestibility of selected Acacia species leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 119: 129–142.
37- Salehpor, S., B. Rasouli, and A. A. Ghotbi. 2012. Influence of calcium hydroxide chemical, multi-enzyme and lactobacillus biologic processing on nutritional value and digestibility of rice straw by using nylon-bags. Current Research Journal Biological Science, 4: 477-481.
38- SAS, Sas User’s Guide: Statistics, Statistical Analysis Systems Institute, Cary, NC, USA, 1999.
39- Valizadeh, R., A. A. Naserian, and P.Vahmani. 2009. Influence of drying and ensiling pistachio by-products with urea and molasses on their chemical composition, tannin content and rumen degradability parameters. Journal Animal Veterinary Advances, 8: 2363-2368.
40- Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary neutral detergent fiber, and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3583-3597.
41- Wina, E., B. Tangendjaja, I. W. R. Susana. 2005. Effects of chopping, and soaking in water, hydrochloric acidic and calcium hydroxide solutions on the nutritional value of Acacia villosa for goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 122: 79–92.