بررسی تغییرات آنزیم کیتیناز در برهمکنش قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار (Glomus mosseae) و نماتد ریشه‌گرهی (Meloidogyne javanica) در گوجه‌فرنگی

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 5، دوره 29، شماره 3، آذر 1394، صفحه 349-356   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v29i3.31791

نویسندگان

فاطمه سهرابی^{* 1}؛ علی اکبر فدایی تهرانی²؛ یونس رضایی دانش³

¹شهرکرد

²دانشگاه شهرکرد

³دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

تحقیقات متعدد بیانگر نقش مثبت قارچ‌های میکوریز در کاهش خسارت عوامل بیماری‌زای گیاهی از طرق مختلف بوده است. افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کیتیناز در گیاهان میکوریزی، یکی از مکانیسم‌های درگیر مورد اشاره در کنترل بیمارگرهای گیاهی توسط قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار می‌باشد. به منظور بررسی دخالت مکانیسم مذکور در برهمکنش قارچ میکوریز و نماتد ریشه‌گرهی در گوجه‌فرنگی‏، از قارچ میکوریز Glomusmosseae و نماتد Meloidogynejavanica استفاده شد. ابتدا میزان فعالیت آنزیم کیتیناز در گیاهان شاهد (بدون میکوریز) با گیاهان میکوریزی در چهار مرحله متوالی (هفتگی) مقایسه گردید. سپس مایه‌زنی گوجه‌فرنگی با قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار و نماتد به تنهایی، و در ترکیب با هم و گیاهان بدون مایه زنی با قارچ و نماتد (شاهد) به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد و اندازه‌گیری فعالیت آنزیم در ریشه طی چهار مرحله با فواصل ٤٨ ساعته پس از انجام مایه‌زنی با نماتد، صورت گرفت.میزان فعالیت آنزیم کیتیناز هر نمونه گیاهی به طریق رنگ سنجی و براساس میزان ان استیل گلوکز آمین آزاد شده محاسبه شد. نتایج حاصل نشان‌دهنده بالاتر بودن فعالیت آنزیمکیتیناز در گیاهان میکوریزی نسبت به شاهد بود که دو هفته بعد از تلقیح به حداکثر میزان خود رسید. هم‌چنین حداکثر فعالیت آنزیم در گیاهان تلقیح شده با قارچ میکوریز و نماتد ریشه‌گرهی، در روز چهارمبعد از مایه‌زنی نماتد مشاهده گردید. در مجموع نتایج نشان‌دهنده افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کیتیناز در ریشه گیاهان تیمار شده با قارچ‌ میکوریز در مقایسه با گیاهان غیرمیکوریزی بود و حمله نماتد در حضور قارچ میکوریز افزایش بیشتری در فعالیت کیتیناز ایجاد کرد.‌

کلیدواژه‌ها

Glomus mosseae؛ Meloidogyne javanica؛ آنزیم کیتیناز؛ گوجه فرنگی

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